Phylogenetically structured damage to Asteraceae: susceptibility of native and exotic species to foliar herbivores |
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Authors: | Steven B Hill Peter M Kotanen |
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Institution: | (1) Department of Ecology and Evolutionary Biology, University of Toronto Mississauga, 3359 Mississauga Road N, Mississauga, ON, L5L 1C6, Canada |
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Abstract: | Invasive plants often lose natural enemies while moving to new regions; however, once established in a new area, these invaders
may be susceptible to attack by locally occurring enemies. Such damage may be more likely for exotics with close native relatives
in the invaded area, since shifts of enemies should be more likely among closely related hosts. In this study, we evaluated
whether exotics experience less herbivore damage than natives, and whether phylogenetically novel exotics experience less
damage that those that are more closely related to locally occurring family members. Foliar damage was measured on 20 native
and 15 exotic Asteraceae that co-occur locally in southern Ontario, Canada. The phylogenetic structure of this damage was
quantified using an eigenvector decomposition method, and the relationship between damage and phylogenetic novelty of exotics
was evaluated based on phylogenetic distances to other locally occurring Asteraceae. Our results show that 32% of the variation
in damage was explained by phylogenetic relationship; similarity in damage tended to be associated with tribes. As predicted,
exotics experienced lower damage than native species, even when the dataset was corrected for phylogenetic nonindependence.
Contrary to our prediction, however, exotics that were more phylogenetically isolated from locally occurring relatives did
not experience less damage. These results suggest that, though exotic Asteraceae may escape many of their natural enemies,
this is not in general more likely for species phylogenetically distant from locally occurring native confamilials. |
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