Characterizing the cost of oviposition in insects: a dynamic model |
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Authors: | Jay A Rosenheim |
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Institution: | (1) Department of Entomology, University of California, One Shields Avenue, Davis, CA, 95616, USA(fax |
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Abstract: | The development of a consensus model of insect oviposition has been impeded by an unresolved controversy regarding the importance
of time costs versus egg costs in mediating the trade-off between current and future reproduction. Here I develop a dynamic
optimization model that places time and egg costs in a common currency (opportunity costs expressed as decreased lifetime
reproductive success) so that their relative magnitudes can be compared directly. The model incorporates stochasticity in
host encounter and mortality risk as well as behavioral plasticity in response to changes in the age and egg load of the ovipositing
female. The dynamic model's predictions are congruent with those of a simpler, static model: both time- and egg-mediated costs
make important contributions to the overall cost of oviposition. Modest quantitative differences between the costs predicted
by the static versus dynamic models show that plasticity of oviposition behavior modulates the opportunity costs incurred
by reproducing females. The relative importance of egg-mediated costs increases substantially for oviposition events occurring
later in life. I propose that the long debate over how to represent the cost of oviposition should be resolved not by advocating
the pre-eminence of one sort of cost above all others, but rather by building models that represent the complementary roles
of different costs. In particular, both time and egg costs must be recognized to produce a general model of insect oviposition
that incorporates a realistic representation of the cost of reproduction.
This revised version was published online in July 2006 with corrections to the Cover Date. |
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Keywords: | Anagrus sophiae cost of reproduction current versus future reproduction dynamic optimization model egg limitation herbivore life history trade-off oviposition parasitoid time limitation |
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