Transmission agents of the nuclear polyhedrosis virus ofNeodiprion sertifer [Hym.: Diprionidae] |
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Authors: | E Olofsson |
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Institution: | (1) Division of Forest Entomology Department of Plant and Forest Protection, Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences, P.O. Box 7044, S-750 07 Uppsala, Sweden |
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Abstract: | Colonies ofNeodiprion sertifer (Geoffroy) larvae infected by nuclear polyhedrosis virus were visited by parasitoids, predators, and scavengers. Six transmission
pathways were studied in detail. Viable virus polyhedra (PIB) were isolated from external surfaces of parasitic wasps and
faeces of tachinid flies, coccinellid larvae, and scavenging flies. Faeces of the scavenging flies remained infectious 9 months
on foliage in the field. A bird fed on earthworms from contaminated soil passed infectious faeces. Raindrops on foliage below
diseased larval colonies contained more than 108 PIB/ml. It was concluded that although there are numerous transmission pathways, only a few may be available at any one time.
The stochastic nature of many pathways implies that the overall transmission rate is highly variable. These results are consistent
with frequent observations of low transmission levels between larvae of the same generation.
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Keywords: | Neodiprion sertifer nuclear polyhedrosis virus transmission |
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