作物分枝的分子调控研究进展

分枝的数量及角度是决定作物株型的重要农艺性状。有效分枝数决定着作物的穗数或荚果数,进而决定着作物的产量;而分枝角度与光合效率、种植密度和抗病性密切相关,不仅影响作物的产量,也会影响作物的品质。由于分枝在作物生产中具有十分重要的作用,吸引了越来越多的研究者的注意,多个与分枝性状相关的关键基因被鉴定,分枝数目调控的分子机制研究取得了重要进展。过去的研究表明作物分枝受严格的遗传调控,同时也受环境条件的影响。综述了与作物分枝性状相关的基因克隆、表达、功能和分子调控机理方面的研究进展,以及环境因素对分枝的影响,探讨分枝调控在作物品种改良中的应用。

Research Progress of Molecular Regulation of Branching of Crops

The number of branching and the angle of branching are the main agronomic traits determining the types of crops.The number of effective branches determines the number of spikes or pods of crops,and then determines the yield.Branch angle is closely related to photosynthetic efficiency,plant density and disease resistance,which not only affects crop yield,but also affects crop quality.Because branching plays a very important role in crop production,and has attracted more and more researchers’attention.Several key genes related to branching have been identified and great progress has been achieved in the molecular mechanism study of branch number regulation.Accumulated studies indicate that branch habit is subject to strict genetic regulation as well as environmental conditions.This paper summarized the research progress in the cloning,expression analysis,function identification and molecular regulatory mechanisms of genes related to branching,and discussed its application in crop variety improvement.