龙胆族(龙胆科)分类与进化研究进展

龙胆是著名的高山植物,广布世界温带地区,不仅可作药用,也可用于园艺观赏。龙胆科分为6个族,其中龙胆族占龙胆科物种数的一半以上;龙胆族包括龙胆亚族和獐牙菜亚族,分类与进化方面的相关研究众多。随着分子生物学在龙胆族研究中的应用,近些年对多个类群进行了研究并发表了多个新属和新种。该文从属间和属内两个层次梳理了龙胆族近年来在分类和进化研究中的最新进展,总结了新发表的类群。并分析了现存的问题,重点强调在今后的研究中用特别注意以下几点:(1)形态性状的准确掌握对龙胆族的研究至关重要;(2)发表新类群应当谨慎;(3)单拷贝核基因有助于解析龙胆族复杂的系统发育关系;(4)关注杂交和多倍化等在龙胆族进化中的作用。

Study on Taxonomy and Evolution of Gentianeae (Gentianaceae)

Gentianaceae are famous alpine plants and distributed widely in temperate regions of the world. They are used in medicine as well as in gardening. Gentianaceae contain six tribes, in which Gentianeae (includes subtribe Gentianeae and Swertiinae) takes up more than a half of the species in Gentianaceae. Amounts of studies about taxonomy and evolution have performed in Gentianeae, especially after technology of molecular biology has been widely applied in this group. Here, we review recent studies that reported the taxonomy and evolution in Gentianeae. The new genera and taxa in Gentianeae were summarized as well. Finally, we highlight some open questions for future researches of taxonomy and evolution of Gentianeae (1) morphological character is important for taxonomy and evolution studies; (2) publication of new species should be cautious; (3) single copy nuclear gene should be used in phylogenetics; (4) hybridization and polyploidization should be paid more attention in the evolution of Gentianeae.