山东半岛滨海沙滩前缘的野生植物

滨海沙滩是以海水影响为基本过程的地貌类型, 适应这种环境的植物类群与适生于内陆的沙地植物可能存在巨大差别。在野外调查的基础上, 分析了山东半岛滨海沙滩前缘的植物种类及其种间关系。结果表明: (1) 滨海沙滩前缘具有独特的优势种库, 包括沙钻苔草(Carex kobomugi)、肾叶打碗花(Calystegia soldanella)、粗毛鸭嘴草(Ischaemum bartatum)、单叶蔓荆(Vitex trifolia var. simplicifolia)、矮生苔草(Carex pumila)和沙引草(Messerschmidia sibirica)等; (2) 优势种库的成员都是潜在优势种, 它们之间主要呈抑制效应, 对库外物种几乎没有抑制效应, 甚至有互补或互利效应。在进化过程中, 这些潜在优势种可能已适应风暴潮的干扰, 不会因受风暴潮灾害而灭亡。当植物适应风暴潮后, 滨海沙滩不再是灾难环境, 反而变为适宜生境。为持续利用这些物种, 不仅要保护其赖以生存的天然生境, 还要开展引种栽培, 消除人们对野生资源的采挖动机。根据物种间的天然联系, 栽培时宜将具有互利或互补关系的物种间混种植, 不宜将具有抑制关系的物种间混种植。

Wild Plants Inhabiting on the Sand Fore-coasts of Shandong Peninsula

Sand-coasts, by their nature, result from moving seawater. Plants adapt to these unique environments may differ from those of inland sand areas. We surveyed plants inhabiting sand fore-coasts in the Shandong peninsula of China. The dominant species were distinct from inland species and were mainly Carex kobomugi, Calystegia soldanella, Ischaemum bartatum, Vitex trifolia var. simplicifolia, Carex pumila and Messerschmidia sibirica. Any member of the group could dominate a plant community and therefore tended to compete with or repel one another but were compatible with species not in the group. Over time, those dominant species must have adapted to storm surges; otherwise they would not have survived in this harsh environment nor been dominant. To protect and conserve the sand fore-coast plant species and environments, these groups of species could be introduced and cultivated for food crops to help minimize destruction in their place of origin. In doing so, the natural association between different species should be considered.