On some aspects of parallel evolution in Chelicerata |
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Authors: | L van der Hammen |
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Institution: | (1) Rijksmuseum van Natuurlijke Historie, P.O. Box 9517, 2300 RA Leiden, The Netherlands |
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Abstract: | A study is made of some aspects of parallel evolution in Chelicerata. Definitions are given of parallel evolution, convergence, homology and analogy. It is pointed out that the concept of parallel evolution (parallelism) is initially formed in an empirical way, and that a judgment must be based on formal criteria. Particular attention is paid to the rôle of gene regulation in parallel evolution, to the special case of convergence as a result of heterologous regulatory mechanisms, to parallel evolution in homonomous structures (and the superposition of parallelisms and divergences), and to parallelism in the evolution of characters used in higher classification. |
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Keywords: | Chelicerata convergence gene regulation homology homonomy parallel evolution |
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