转座子PiggyBac在哺乳动物中的应用

DNA转座子作为一种遗传工程工具已广泛应用于多物种的转基因及产生插入突变等研究。目前,在哺乳动物中有转座活性的转座子可分为三类：1）hAT样转座子;2）Tcl样转座子包括Sleeping Beauty和FrogPrince;3）PiggyBac转座子家族。其中甘蓝蠖度尺蛾（Cabbage looper moth Trichoplusia ni）来源的PiggyBac转座子是目前在哺乳动物中活性最高的转座子,并且可以携带十几kb的外源基因转座而不影响其效率,使其在哺乳动物的转基因、癌基因的发现、基因治疗研究方面具有巨大的应用潜力。此外,PB的无痕迹转座对于无转基因、无遗传物质改变的诱导多潜能干细胞（iPS）研究也具有非常重要的意义。本文主要对针对PB在哺乳动物中的应用现状及前景作一介绍。

PiggyBac Transposon for Mammalian Applications

As a tool of genetic engineering,DNA transposons have been widely used for transgenesis and insertional mutagenesis in various organisms.Till now,transposons active in mammalian include： 1） hAT-like Tol2;2）,two Tc1-like transposons,Sleeping Beauty（SB） and Frog Prince（FP）;3） PiggyBac family.Among those transposons,the moth-derived transposon piggybac appears to be the most promising genetic tool due to its higher efficient transposition and higher cargo capacity.Therefore,it can be used for transgenesis,discovery of cancer gene and tumor suppressor gene,and gene therapy.The traceless excision transposition property of the PB transposon can be used to generate transgene-free iPS cells while maintaining an unaltered genome.In this review we will discuss the application and the future of PB transposon in mammalian.