OUTCROSSING AND FECUNDITY ADVANTAGE OF FEMALES IN GYNODIOECIOUS CHIONOGRAPHIS JAPONICA VAR. KUROHIMENSIS (LILIACEAE) |
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Authors: | Masayuki Maki |
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Institution: | Department of Biology, College of Arts and Sciences, University of Tokyo, Komaba, Meguro-ku, Tokyo, 153 Japan |
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Abstract: | The selling rate of hermaphrodites, inbreeding depression, and relative fecundity of females compared to hermaphrodites were estimated for a gynodioecious population of Chionographis japonica var. kurohimensis to test the models for the evolution of gynodioecy. In spite of the high level of selling of hermaphrodites, significant amounts of inbreeding depression were found in seed germination and seedling growth. In addition, females produced more fertilized ovules than hermaphrodites. Nevertheless, the conditions theoretically required for maintaining gynodioecy were not satisfied even if the combined effect of these two factors was considered. Additional causes for the evolution of gynodioecy, including biparental inbreeding, are discussed. |
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