药用植物巴西吐根的引种繁殖及栽培初探

吐根作为治疗痢疾的特效药而著名,主要具有祛痰、催吐和抗阿米巴痢疾的作用。我国目前对吐根药材的需求全部依赖于进口,国内未有大规模种植,为此,该文对原产巴西的吐根进行了引种繁殖及栽培研究。结果表明:(1)云南省西双版纳傣族自治州景洪市的气候条件能满足吐根的正常生长发育的需求,可作为吐根的引种地。(2)吐根的分根和茎下段可用于扦插繁殖,其发根率和存活率分别100.0%和100.0%、68.0%和75.0%,前者优于后者。(3)用20 mg·L^-1的IAA或IBA浸泡1 h,吐根茎下段的扦插成活率为90.0%或88.0%,均显著高于对照,可用于提高吐根茎下段的扦插成活率。(4)采用分根繁殖的吐根植株在植株生长和药材外观性状较好,单株总根体积较高,吐根一年生植株平均株高为10.66 cm,两年生平均株高为16.54 cm,一年生植株根总体积为2.71 mL,两年生根总体积为3.54 mL。(5)吐根栽培基质可用腐殖土:椰糠体积比为4:1。(6)在吐根的年周期生长中,地径1—3月和9—11月增长明显,株高7—11月增长明显,叶片长和宽3—9月增长明显,根据这些特点,可科学制定相应的水肥管理措施。该研究结果可为吐根的引种繁殖和栽培提供一定的科学参考。

Introduction, propagation and cultivation technique of medicinal plant Cephaelis ipecacuanha

Cephaelis ipecacuanha has a wide reputation as a specific medicine for amebic. The roots of C. ipecacuanha are the sources for an expectorant, emetic and amoebacide. At present, this plant has not been grown on a large scale in China, and its demand mainly depends on imports. To solve the problem, the introduction, propagation and cultivation technique of C. ipecacuanha were studied. The results were as follows:(1)Jinghong City, Yunnan Province, China could be used as an introductory place, and its climatic indexes could meet the needs of this plant normal growth and development.(2)C. ipecacuanha was propagated by root or bottom stem cutting, and rooting and survival rates of Brazilian ipecac by the former(100.0% and 100.0%)were better than that of the latter(68.0% and 75.0%).(3)The bottom stem cutting treated with IAA or IBA(20 mg·L^-1+1 h)could be used to improve cutting survival rate of Brazilian ipecac, and survival rate of the treated group had significantly better values(90.0% or 88.0%)than that of control group.(4)C. ipecacuanha propagated by root cutting had good growth, appearance and total root volume. Plant height of one-year-old and two-year-old root cuttings were 10.66 and 16.54 cm, respectively. The corresponding total root volume were 2.71 and 3.54 mL, respectively.(5)The forest humic soil:coconut chaff=4:1(Volume rate)was used as culture substrates of C. ipecacuanha.(6)During the annual growth trend of the above-ground of C. ipecacuanha, the ground diameter obviously increased from January to March and from September to November, the plant height obviously increased from July to November and the leaf length and leaf width obviously increased from March to September. According to these features, the corresponding cultivation techniques of soil water and nitrogen fertilizer can be managed scientifically. The results of this study can provide a certain scientific reference for the introduction, propagation and cultivation of C. ipecacuanha.