Growth and N2 fixation in an Alnus hirsuta (Turcz.) var. sibirica stand in Japan

To estimate the N₂ fixation ability of the alder (Alnus hirsuta (Turcz.) var. sibirica), we examined the seasonal variation in nitrogenase activity of nodules using the acetylene reduction method in an 18-year-old stand naturally regenerated after disturbance by road construction in Japan. To evaluate the contribution of N₂ fixation to the nitrogen (N) economy in this alder stand, we also measured the phenology of the alder, the litterfall, the decomposition rate of the leaf litter, and N accumulation in the soil. The acetylene reduction activity per unit nodule mass (ARA) under field conditions appeared after bud break, peaked the maximum in midsummer after full expansion of the leaves, and disappeared after all leaves had fallen. There was no consistent correlation between ARA and tree size (dbh). The amount of N₂ fixed in this alder stand was estimated at 56.4 kg ha^?1 year^?1 when a theoretical molar ratio of 3 was used to convert the amount of reduced acetylene to the amount of fixed N₂. This amount of N₂ fixation corresponded to the 66.4% of N in the leaf litter produced in a year. These results suggested that N₂ fixation still contributed to the large portion of N economy in this alder stand.