Phycoremediation of phenol-polluted petro-industrial effluents and its techno-economic values as a win-win process for a green environment,sustainable energy and bioproducts |
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Authors: | NSh El-Gendy HN Nassar |
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Institution: | 1. Department of Process Design and Development, Egyptian Petroleum Research Institute (EPRI), Nasr City, Cairo, PO 11727 Egypt;2. Department of Process Design and Development, Egyptian Petroleum Research Institute (EPRI), Nasr City, Cairo, PO 11727 Egypt
Center of Excellence, October University for Modern Sciences and Arts (MSA), 6th of October City, Giza, PO 12566 Egypt
Nanobiotechnology Program, Faculty of Nanotechnology for Postgraduate Studies, Cairo University, Sheikh Zayed Branch Campus, Sheikh Zayed City, Giza, PO 12588 Egypt |
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Abstract: | The discharge of the toxic phenol-polluted petro-industrial effluents (PPPIE) has severe environmental negative impacts, thus it is mandatory to be treated before its discharge. The objective of this review was to discuss the sustainable application of microalgae in phenols degradation, with a special emphasis on the enzymes involved in this bioprocess and the factors affecting the success of PPPIE phycoremediation. Moreover, it confers the microalgae bioenergetic strategies to degrade different forms of phenols in PPPIE. It also points out the advantages of the latest application of bacteria, fungi and microalgae as microbial consortia in phenols biodegradation. Briefly, phycoremediation of PPPIE consumes carbon dioxide emitted from petro-industries for; valorization of the polluted water to be reused and production of algal biomass which can act as a source of energy for such integrated bioprocess. Besides, the harvested algal biomass can feasibly produce; third-generation biofuels, biorefineries, bioplastics, fish and animal feed, food supplements, natural dyes, antioxidants and many other valuable products. Consequently, this review precisely confirms that the phycoremediation of PPPIE is a win-win process for a green environment and a sustainable future. Thus, to achieve the three pillars of sustainability; social, environmental and economic; it is recommendable to integrate PPPIE treatment with algal cultivation. This integrated process would overcome the problem of greenhouse gas emissions, global warming and climate change, solve the problem of water-scarce, and protect the environment from the harmful negative impacts of PPPIE. |
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Keywords: | microalgae petro-industrial wastewater phenolic xenobiotics phycoremediation sustainable future valorized products |
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