A quantitative immunohistochemical study of macroglial cell development in the rat optic nerve: in vivo evidence for two distinct astrocyte lineages |
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| Authors: | R H Miller S David R Patel E R Abney M C Raff |
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| Affiliation: | 1. Medical Research Council Neuroimmunology Project, Department of Zoology, University College London, London WC1E 6BT, England;1. Department of Orthopaedics, Tianjin Medical University General Hospital, No. 154 Anshan Road, Heping District, Tianjin 300052, PR China;2. School of Medicine, Nankai University, No. 94 Weijin Road, Nankai District, Tianjin 300071, PR China;1. Department of Anatomy, Institute of Biomedical Sciences, University of São Paulo, São Paulo, SP, Brazil;2. Department of Physiology and Biophysics, Institute of Biomedical Sciences, University of São Paulo, São Paulo, SP, Brazil;2. Seed Conservation Department, Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew, Wakehurst Place, Ardingly, West Sussex RH17 6TN, UK;3. University of Exeter, School of Biosciences, Geoffrey Pope Building, Exeter EX4 4QD, UK;1. Department of Anesthesiology, First People’s Hospital of Foshan, Foshan, Guangdong Province 528000, China;2. Department of Anesthesiology, Eighth People’s Hospital of Guangzhou, Guangzhou, Guangdong Province 510060, China;3. Department of Anesthesiology, Central Hospital of Panyu District, Guangzhou 511400, Guangdong Province, China;1. Program in Neuroscience, Middlebury College, Middlebury, VT 05753, United States;2. Department of Psychology, Middlebury College, Middlebury, VT 05753, United States |
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| Abstract: | We have shown previously that three antibodies--anti-galactocerebroside (GC), anti-glial fibrillary acidic protein (GFAP), and the A2B5 monoclonal antibody--can be used to help distinguish three classes of glial cells in the rat optic nerve: oligodendrocytes are GC+, GFAP-, almost all type-1 astrocytes are A2B5-, GFAP+, and almost all type-2 astrocytes are A2B5+, GFAP+. In the present study we have used these antibodies to examine the timing and sequence of the development of the three types of glial cells in vivo. We show that type-1 astrocytes first appear at embryonic Day 16 (E16), oligodendrocytes at birth (E21), and type-2 astrocytes between postnatal Days 7 and 10 (P7-10). Moreover, we demonstrate quantitatively that astrocytes in the optic nerve develop in two waves, with more than 95% of type-1 astrocytes developing before P15 and more than 95% of type-2 astrocytes developing after P15. Finally, we provide indirect evidence that type-2 astrocytes do not develop from type-1 astrocytes in vivo, supporting previous direct evidence that the two types of astrocytes develop from two serologically distinct precursor cells in vitro. |
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