Ultrasound Molecular Imaging with Targeted Microbubbles for Cancer Diagnostics: From Bench to Bedside |
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Authors: | J Wischhusen F Padilla |
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Institution: | 1. Univ Lyon, Université Lyon 1, Centre Léon Bérard, INSERM, LabTAU, F-69003, Lyon, France;2. Apoptosis, Cancer and Development Laboratory – Equipe labellisée ‘La Ligue’, LabEx DEVweCAN, Centre de Cancérologie de Lyon, INSERM U1052-CNRS UMR5286, Centre Léon Bérard, 69008 Lyon, France;3. Focused Ultrasound Foundation, Charlottesville, USA;4. Radiation Oncology, University of Virginia School of Medicine, USA |
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Abstract: | BackgroundUltrasound plays an important role in cancer diagnosis. B-mode imaging and contrast-enhanced ultrasound are routinely used to detect cancerous lesions in breast and liver. The use of ultrasound contrast agents (UCAs) such as microbubbles (MBs), which can be functionalized with targeting ligands, has further enabled ultrasound molecular imaging (USMI) of specific molecular markers in pre-clinical and the first clinical studies. As targeted MBs have a diameter of 1–4 μm, they are limited to the blood vasculature upon intravenous injection, and can bind to markers of the vascular endothelium. USMI with targeted MBs was applied for imaging of markers of inflammation, angiogenesis, and the tumor endothelium.AimThe present review provides an introduction to USMI and presents currently available UCAs, targeting strategies, pre-clinical targets, proposed applications, and the first clinical studies with USMI to guide novel users and assess the technique's potential for clinical use. |
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Keywords: | Corresponding author |
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