湖北潜江农田景观中步甲和蜘蛛的群落结构

1995年6～10月在湖北省潜江市郊用陷阱法研究了不同农田景观元素中步甲和蜘蛛的群落结构，结果表明：10类农田景观元素中的五类景观元素，即稻田边缘，农林间作地，不打药的滩田，少打药的旱田和植被丰富的庭院菜地分别在步甲和蜘蛛的贮存上有重要意义。1)稻田边缘步甲和蜘蛛物种的多样性指数和物种数均最高。2)农林间作地步甲和蜘蛛的均匀度居首位，多样性指数位居第二。3)不打药的滩田步甲和蜘蛛的发生数量多，步甲的主要物种为爪哇屁步甲Pheropsophus javanus和耶屁步甲.Jessoensis。蜘蛛的主要物种为星豹蛛Pardosa astrigera。4)少打药的旱田发生的步甲数量多，主要物种为大劫步甲Lesticus magnus。5)植被丰富的庭园菜地发生的蜘蛛数量多，主要蜘蛛物种为沟渠豹蛛Pardosa laura。步甲或蜘蛛物种和景观元素的对应分析表明了优势步甲大劫步甲，爪哇屁步甲，耶屁步甲和优势蜘蛛沟渠豹蛛，星豹蛛，雾豹蛛Pardosa nebulosa，拟环纹豹蛛 P.Pesudoannulata和类水狼蛛Pirata piratoides各自的适生环境，同时也表明了这些景观元 素与常规管理农田(如水稻田，商业性菜地和棉田)之间在步甲、蜘蛛物种上的联系，这为农田景观的合理设计，保证农业的持续发展提供了参考。

COMMUNITY STRUCTURE OF CARABIDS AND SPIDERS IN AGRICULTURE LANDSCAPE IN QIAN JIANG, HUBEI PROVINCE

Community structure of carabids and spiders in agricultural landscape was investigated by pitfall traps in suburb of Qianjiang city, Hubei Province from June to October, 1995. The results indicate that 5 landscape elements have significant role in preservation of carabids and spiders.（1） In margins of rice fields, diversity index and species of carabids and spiders were the highest. 2)In crop-forest interval fields, evenness of carabids and spiders was the highest, diversity index was second. 3) flood fields in which no insecticide was applied had high number of carabids and spiders.The dominant species are Pheropsophus javanus , P . Jessoensis and Padosa astrigera respectively.（4) Dry farmlands in which minor insecticides were applied had high number of carabids. The maincarabids is Leistus magnus. 5) Home gardens existed large number of spider. The dominant spiders is Padosa laura. Correspondence analysis shows correspondent relationships between landscape elements and dominant species of carabids and spider, between conventional farm lands and the 5 landscape elements mentioned above. The results provide reference for design and management of agriculture landscape.