Seasonal characteristics of surface water fulvic acids from Lake Biwa and Lake Tankai in Japan |
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| Authors: | Nobuhide Fujitake Kumiko Tsuda Suzuka Aso Hiroki Kodama Masahiro Maruo Koyo Yonebayashi |
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| Institution: | (1) Graduate School of Agricultural Science, Kobe University, Rokkodai 1, Kobe Hyogo, 657-8501, Japan;(2) Graduate School of Science and Technology, Kobe University, Rokkodai 1, Kobe Hyogo, 657-8501, Japan;(3) Analytical Research Center for Experimental Science, Saga University, Honjo 1, Saga 840-8502, Japan;(4) Department of Environmental Science, The University of Shiga Prefecture, Hassaka 2500, Hikone Shiga, 522-8533, Japan;(5) Department of Environmental Science, Ishikawa Prefectural University, Suematsu 1-308, Nonoichi Ishikawa, 921-8836, Japan |
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| Abstract: | Seasonal characteristics of surface water fulvic acids (FAs) isolated from Japanese clear-water lakes were investigated. Qualitative
changes in Lake Biwa and Lake Tankai FAs were determined and compared. Although the relative molecular weights determined
by high-performance size-exclusion chromatography did not change remarkably, the elemental compositions, E6001% E_{600}^{1\% } values and 1H- and 13C-NMR spectral properties varied with the season. Both the H/C and N/C ratios for Lake Biwa FAs tended to be higher than those
for Lake Tankai FAs, but O/C ratios were lower and decreased from spring to winter. The E6001% E_{600}^{1\% } values suggested that Lake Biwa FAs contained lower levels of unsaturated structures than Lake Tankai FAs, and the amounts
of these structures increased in winter. The 1H and 13C NMR spectra indicated that Lake Biwa FAs are richer in saturated aliphatic chains, especially in spring. Overall, Lake Biwa
FAs exhibited clearer seasonal changes in these characteristics than Lake Tankai FAs, suggesting that the seasonal variation
may depend on changes in aquatic microbial activities. |
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