The hydromechanics of hydrocephalus: Steady-state solutions for cylindrical geometry |
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Authors: | Mariusz Kaczmarek Ravi P Subramaniam Samuel R Neff |
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Institution: | (1) Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Duke University, 27708 Durham, NC, U.S.A.;(2) Division of Neurosurgery, Robert Wood Johnson Medical School, Suite 411, Three Cooper Plaza, 08103 Camden, NJ, U.S.A.;(3) Neurosurgery, Wills Eye Hospital, 900 Walnut Street, 19107 Philadelphia, PA, U.S.A.;(4) Present address: Institute of Fundamental Technological Research, PAS, Mielzynskiego 27/29, 61-725 Poznan, Poland;(5) Present address: Chemical Industry Institute of Toxicology, P.O. Box 12137, 27709 Research Triangle Park, NC, U.S.A. |
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Abstract: | Hydrocephalus is a state in which the circulation of cerebrospinal fluid is disturbed. This fluid, produced within the brain
at a constant rate, moves through internal cavities in it (ventricles), then exits through passages so that it may be absorbed
by the surrounding membranes (meninges). Failure of fluid to move properly through these passages results in the distention
of the passages and the ventricles. Ultimately, this distention causes large displacements and distortion of brain tissue
as well as an increase of fluid in the extracellular space of the brain (edema). We use a two-phase model of fluid-saturated
material to simulate the steady state of the hydrocephalic brain. Analytic solutions for the displacement of brain tissue
and the distribution of edema for the annular regions of an idealized cylindrical geometry and small-strain theory are found.
The solutions are used for a large-deformation analysis by superposition of the responses obtained for incrementally increasing
loading. The effects of structural and hydraulic differences of white and gray brain matter, and the ependymal lining surrounding
the venticles, are examined. The results reproduce the characteristic steady-state distribution of edema seen in hydrocephalus,
and are compared with experiment. |
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