280例呼吸道感染儿童呼吸道病毒病原学检出情况及流行规律分析

目的:了解呼吸道感染儿童呼吸道病毒病原学检出情况及其流行规律,为儿童呼吸道感染的预防、诊断及治疗提供病原学依据。方法:选取2016年1月-2017年12月期间中国人民解放军中部战区总医院收治的280例呼吸道感染患儿为研究对象,分析患儿呼吸道分泌物中呼吸道病毒的检出情况,并分析呼吸道感染儿童呼吸道病毒感染与年龄、季节、疾病类型的关系。结果:280例呼吸道感染患儿中共检出98份阳性标本,阳性率为35.00%,其中有2份标本中检出2种病毒感染,混合感染阳性率为0.71%;在所有病毒类型中,呼吸道合胞病毒(RSV)病毒感染阳性率最高。1岁患儿的病毒感染阳性率最高,与其他年龄段病毒感染阳性率比较差异有统计学意义(P0.05)。呼吸道感染患儿春季、冬季的病毒感染阳性率明显高于夏季、秋季(P0.05)。不同呼吸道感染疾病类型患儿病毒感染阳性率比较差异有统计学意义(P0.05),以喘息性肺炎、毛细支气管炎、肺炎患儿病毒感染阳性率较高。结论:RSV是呼吸道感染儿童呼吸道病毒感染的主要致病病原体,1岁的婴幼儿较易感染,春季、冬季为其高发季节,且以肺炎、毛细支气管炎、喘息性肺炎患儿的病毒感染阳性率较高。

Etiological Detection and Epidemiological Analysis of Respiratory Virus in 280 Children with Respiratory Tract Infection

ABSTRACT Objective: To understand the etiological detection and epidemiological regularity of respiratory viruses in children with respiratory tract infections, so as to provide etiological basis for the prevention, diagnosis and treatment of respiratory tract infections in children. Methods: 280 children with respiratory tract infections who were admitted to General Hospital of Central Theater Command of PLA from January 2016 to December 2017 were selected as the study subjects. The detection of respiratory viruses in children with respiratory tract secretions were analyzed, and the relationship between respiratory viral infection and age, season and disease type in children with respiratory tract infection were analyzed. Results: 98 positive specimens were detected in 280 children with respiratory tract infection, the positive rate was 35.00%. 2 viruses were detected in 2 samples, and the positive rate of mixed infection was 0.71%. Among all virus types, the respiratory syncytial virus (RSV) had the highest positive rate. The highest positive rate of viral infection was found in children younger than 1 year old, which was significantly different from that in other age groups (P<0.05). The positive rate of respiratory tract infection in spring and winter was significantly higher than that in summer and autumn (P<0.05). The positive rates of viral infection in children with different respiratory tract infections were significantly different (P<0.05). The positive rate of virus infection in children with asthmatic pneumonia, bronchiolitis and pneumonia was higher. Conclusion: RSV is the main pathogen of respiratory viral infection in children with respiratory tract infection. Infants younger than 1 year old are more susceptible to infection. Spring and winter are the high incidence seasons. The positive rates of virus infection in children with pneumonia, bronchiolitis and asthmatic pneumonia are higher.