基于矩阵分析的水文调节服务供需关系时空分异研究——以嘉兴市为例

生态系统服务供需关系的识别、度量、空间化分析对自然资源合理配置有重要的意义。以嘉兴市为研究区,以2005年Landsat7 ETM+影像和2015年Landsat8 OLI传感器影像为数据源,采用生态系统服务供需关系矩阵法,分析嘉兴市水文调节服务供给能力与需求水平的时空分异特征。结果表明:(1)2005—2015年10年间,嘉兴市处于快速城市化阶段,土地利用变化明显,建设用地显著增加,水域、水田面积有所增加,旱地、园地、林地大量减少。(2)土地利用变化是影响水文调节服务供需关系的主要因素,研究发现嘉兴市大部分地区水文调节服务处于供不应求的状态。(3)随着建设用地的不断扩张,导致水文调节服务供需矛盾加剧,供不应求区域由中心城区向城市边缘区扩大。(4)水文调节服务需求区域的变化与人类活动密切相关,供给区域受制于自然环境的数量与质量,生态系统服务供给与需求存在错位,促进了生态系统服务流的产生,并需要政策引导。

Mapping supply and demand differentiation of hydrological regulation service based on matrix analysis:a case study of Jiaxing City,Zhejiang Province

Ecosystem provides supporting services, regulating services, provisioning services and cultural services, which have great significance to human well-being and the sustainable development of society. However, the supply and demand of ecosystem services often mismatched in the same region due to the characteristics of spatial and temporal differentiation. Therefore, it is very important for the rational allocation of natural resources when we identify, measure and do spatial-analysis of supply and demand of ecosystem services. Taking Jiaxing City as study area, we used 2005 Landsat7 ETM+ image and 2015 Landsat8 OLI sensor images as the data sources. The ecosystem service matrix method was used to analyze the spatial-temporal differentiation characteristics of supply and demand of the hydrological regulation service (HRS). The following were the analysis results:(1) Jiaxing City was in the stage of rapid urbanization with the significant change of land use/land cover (LULC) from 2005 to 2015, of which constructed areas has increased significantly; water area and paddy area increased, whereas other land area decreased. (2) LULC change was one of the main factors affecting the relationship of supply and demand of the HRS. In this study, we determined that HRS was deficient in most areas of Jiaxing City. (3) With the continuous expansion of built-up areas, the contradiction between supply and demand of HRS has intensified. The shortage supply areas of HRS have expanded from the central city to the urban fringe. (4) Changes in the demand area of HRS were closely related to human activities. The ability of supply areas was subject to the quantity and quality of the natural environment. The flow of ES from supply unit to demand unit was promoted because of the mismatch between the supply and demand of ecosystem services. Policy guidance was important to protect the ecological source, restore and reconstruct the damaged ES flow.