基于高通量测序的鱼菜共生池塘与普通池塘微生物群落结构比较

鱼菜共生(Aquaponics)作为一种可持续、循环型、零排放的新型的复合耕作体系, 因具有良好的生态环境效应和食品安全保障, 成为解决农业生态危机的有效途径。研究采用Illumina高通量测序平台对西北地区典型池塘鱼菜共生养殖模式下, 养殖水环境与根系细菌微生物16S rRNA基因(V3—V5区)进行高通量测序。比较群落结构和微生物多样性表明, 细菌总有效序列为56444条, 细菌物种平均注释OTU数目为945条。在鱼菜共生模式下的优势门类为变形菌门(Proteobacteria)、拟杆菌门(Bacteroidetes)、厚壁菌门(Firmicutes)、蓝菌门(Cyanobacteria)。根系微生物群落中占优势地位的分别为拟杆菌门(Bacteroidetes)和变形菌门(Proteobacteria)。OTU聚类分析结果显示6个样品共有OTU数目为165, 其中新疆水生野生动物救护中心鱼菜共生池塘水样(JH.KX)特有OTU数量最高(137), 其空心菜根系水样(JH.R)最低(30), 而乌鲁木齐市米东区长山子镇水源地养殖基地空心菜根系水样(MD.R)和新疆水生野生动物救护中心对照池塘水样(JH.C)数量相同(85)。通过对各OTU进行注释, 发现了根瘤菌、鱼类致病菌、耐寒细菌、降解有机物细菌、降低重金属及毒素危害的细菌。研究为鱼菜共生生态养殖模式下微生物群落结构及其生态调控机理提供了参考依据。

BACTERIAL COMMUNITY STRUCTURE IN AQUAPONICS POND AND COMMON POND BASED ON HIGH-THROUGHPUT SEQUENCING TECHNOLOGY

Aquaponics, a new type of sustainable, cyclic and zero-emission composite farming system, has become an effective method to solve the agricultural ecological crisis because of its good ecological environment effect and food safety guarantee. The 16S rRNA gene (V3-V5 region) of microorganisms in aquaculture environment and roots was sequenced by using Illumina high-throughput sequencing platform under the typical aquaculture pond mode in Northwest China. The comparison of microbial community structure and diversity showed that the total effective sequence of bacteria was 56444, and the average number of annotated OTU was 945. The dominant bacteria were phyla Proteobacteria, Bacteroidete, Firmicutes and Cyanobacteria. The dominant bacteria in MD.R and JH.R were phyla Bacteroidetes and Proteobacteria, respectively. There were 165 OTUs in the six samples with the highest OTU in JH.KX (137), the lowest one in JH.R (30), and the same OTU (85) in MD.R and JH.C. Rhizobia, fish pathogenic bacteria, cold-resistant bacteria and bacteria that decompose organism and reduce heavy metals and toxins were detected by annotating the OTUs. This study revealed the microbial community structure and its ecological regulation mechanism under the aquaponics model.