植物功能性状对土壤保持的影响研究述评

植被对土壤保持具有重要的影响,但是从植物功能性状的角度总结评述植被对土壤保持影响的研究并不多见。总结评述了植物地上功能性状、地下功能性状对土壤保持功能的影响以及植物地上、地下功能性状的关系,认为:(1)植被地上部分功能性状对土壤保持的作用主要体现在对溅蚀、面蚀的影响及间接改变土壤理化性质等方面,其功能性状指标主要包括叶面积、叶长、叶宽、枝数、植被高度等;(2)植被地下部分功能性状对土壤保持的作用主要体现在固持土壤、提高土壤抗剪切强度、提高土壤抗侵蚀能力、增强土壤渗透性,植物根系固持土壤与根系抗拉能力密切相关,植物根系土壤的物理和水文性质,与细根比例、根长密度、根表面积等性状密切相关;(3)可以通过植物地上部分功能性状间接反映地下部分功能性状,但是现有研究多为定性认识;(4)在植物功能性状对土壤保持的研究中亟待加强植被地上地下功能性状的长期定位监测,深化植被功能性状尤其是根系特征与土壤保持的作用机理,加强植被地上部分、地下部分功能性状的定量表达,建立植被功能性状与土壤保持功能的定量关系,实现植被功能性状与土壤保持功能特征的动态链接。

Effects of plant functional traits on soil conservation: A review

Vegetation has an important influence on soil conservation; however, few studies have reviewed the impact of vegetation on soil conservation from the perspective of plant functional traits. In this paper, we summarized the impact of above-ground and underground functional traits on soil conservation and the relationship between aboveground and underground functional traits. We concluded that:(1) The aboveground vegetation functional traits mainly control soil erosion through the effects of splash erosion and surface erosion and indirectly by changing the soil physical and chemical properties. Its functional traits mainly include leaf area, leaf length, leaf width, branch number, and vegetation height, etc.; (2) The underground functional traits on soil conservation are mainly reflected in soil retention, soil shear strength improvement, soil erosion resistance enhancement, and soil permeability enhancement. Soil retention by plant roots is closely related to the tensile capacity of the roots. The physical and hydrological properties of plant roots are closely related to the fine root ratio, root length density, and root surface area, etc.; (3) Some aboveground functional traits of plants can indirectly reflect some of the underground functional traits, but existing studies are mostly qualitative; (4) In the study of plant functional traits on soil conservation, it is urgent to strengthen the long-term location monitoring of aboveground functional traits of vegetation, deepen our knowledge of the functional traits of vegetation, especially the mechanism of root characteristics on soil conservation, strengthen the quantitative expression of functional traits in the aboveground and underground parts of vegetation, and establish a quantitative relationship between vegetation functional traits and soil conservation functions. We must strive to achieve a dynamic link between vegetation functional traits and soil conservation functional characteristics.