基于核酸适配体的生物分析新方法研究进展

核酸适配体是从随机文库中采用SELEX技术筛选所得的单链短链寡核苷酸片段(通常为15-80个ss DNA或ss RNA)。其能够折叠形成独特稳定的三维结构,通过静电相互作用,氢键,范德华力,碱堆叠或多种作用力组合特异性地与多种靶标结合。适配体因具有构象变化能力而被用作生物分析中的理想识别配体。目前,基于适配体的生物分析新方法得到广泛研究,并用于蛋白多肽类药物分析、疾病标志物诊断、外泌体检测、循环肿瘤细胞检测和病毒检测等方面。本文综述了核酸适配体用于生物分析方法开发的最新进展,比较和讨论不同分析方法,并对基于适配体的生物分析新方法提出了设想和展望,为开发新的生物分析方法和检测技术提供了思路和借鉴。

Advances in Bioanalysis Methods Based on Aptamers

ABSTRACT: Aptamers, which are screened from a random library via SELEX, are short (generally 15-80 nucleotides) single-stranded oligonucleotide molecules(ssDNA or ssRNA) with the ability to fold in stable and unique three-dimensional structures that allow them to interact with target molecules through electrostatic interactions, hydrogen bonding, Van der Waals forces, base stacking or a combination of these. Due to the ability of conformational changes, aptamers are used as ideal recognition ligands for bioanalysis, disease diagnosis and cancer diagnosis. New bioanalysis methods based on aptamers has been extensively designed and developed for protein peptide analysis, disease marker diagnosis, exosomes detection, circulating tumor cell and virus detection. This review summarizes the latest achievements of aptamers for bioanalytical methods and highlights the different analytical methods. This article discusses the major different analytical methods and proposes visions for building new methods of bioanalysis based on aptamers. It also provides ideas and references for the development of new biological analysis methods and detection technologies.