生态补偿区域的空间选择研究——以青海省国家重点生态功能区转移支付为例

生态补偿区域的空间选择研究是生态补偿机制建立的基础,目前国内缺少这方面的研究。合理的生态补偿区域空间选择方法可以为生态补偿优先地区的选择提供较为可靠的定量化依据。综合考虑青海省各市县的生态系统服务价值和经济发展水平,在使用Arc GIS工具的基础上,运用"生态效益比瞄准"方法和"生态补偿优先级(Eco-compensation Priority Sequence,ECPS)"方法,分别对青海省各市县生态补偿优先等级进行了研究。研究结果表明:"生态效益比瞄准"方法适用于森林、草原等基于要素的生态补偿机制的空间选择,而"生态补偿优先级"方法更适合区域性的生态补偿的空间选择。根据"生态补偿优先级"方法可以得出青海省国家重点生态功能区转移支付优先补偿区主要集中在青海省南部,次级补偿区主要位于青海省中部,潜在补偿区主要在青海省东北部。与青海省重点生态功能区转移支付资金分配比较,海西州内的很多市县没有得到相应的补偿,原有的资金分配方式更多的考虑民生因素而忽略了环境因素。在生态补偿区域的空间选择中,要结合生态综合补偿,提出合理的生态补偿绩效考核体系,在保护环境的基础上改善民生。

Research on spatial selection of Ecological Compensation Areas: using the transfer payment of national key ecological function areas of Qinghai Province as an example

Research on the spatial selection of the ecological compensation area is the basis of establishing ecological compensation mechanism, whereas there is scarce research regarding it in China. A reasonable method for selecting ecological compensation regional space could provide a reliable quantitative basis for the selection of priority areas of ecological compensation. Considering the ecological system service value and the economic development level of each district and county in Qinghai Province, this paper, based on the use of the ArcGIS tool and applying the method of "eco-efficiency targeting" and "priority of ecological compensation", researched the priority level of ecological compensation in all districts and counties of Qinghai Province. The research results showed that the method of "eco-efficiency targeting" is suitable for the spatial selection of the ecological compensation mechanism based on elements, such as forests and grasslands, whereas the method of "priority of ecological compensation" is more suitable for the spatial selection of regional ecological compensation. According to the method of "priority of ecological compensation", the priority compensation areas of transfer payment of national key ecological function areas of Qinghai Province are mainly concentrated in the south. The secondary compensation areas are mainly located in the middle part. The potential compensation areas are mainly in the northeast of Qinghai Province. Compared with the fund allocations to the key ecological function areas of Qinghai Province, many districts and counties in the Haixi state have not received the corresponding compensations, and the original method of fund allocation pays more attention to people''s livelihood rather than the environment. In the spatial selection of ecological compensation areas, we should combine it with the ecological comprehensive compensation to put forward a reasonable ecological compensation performance appraisal system and improve the people''s livelihood based on protecting the environment.