人为干扰对神农架川金丝猴连通性及遗传多样性的影响

川金丝猴湖北种群是川金丝猴分布的最东缘,现主要分布于神农架国家公园和巴东自然保护区,其作为单独的管理单元,相对较低的遗传多样性、孤立的遗传状态和较小的种群数量,使得该种群面对环境变化脆弱性高。以神农架为研究区域,首先基于物种分布模型获得川金丝猴移动的阻力图层,利用电路理论分析适宜生境连接度;其次,设置道路和旅游两个人为干扰情景,运用最小费用距离模型与电路理论模型,分析道路和旅游活动对川金丝猴移动路径以及对不同亚群内和亚群间连通性的影响;最后,利用CDPOP软件模拟道路对川金丝猴遗传多样性的影响。结果表明:(1)神农架川金丝猴适宜生境分布较集中,生境斑块间存在多个潜在扩散区域;(2)道路改变了川金丝猴往来于南北生境间的最优路径,旅游干扰对川金丝猴移动路径无明显影响,其干扰主要在于川金丝猴对其具有回避性,回避距离为100 m;(3)道路显著降低金猴岭亚群内的连通性,并显著增加了所有亚群间的移动阻力,旅游活动对亚群内和亚群间的连通性无显著影响;(4)川金丝猴种群在150年内的遗传多样性呈下降趋势,道路的影响将加剧遗传多样性下降的程度。基于以上结果本文提出了针对性的保护建议,对于该物种的保护和其他濒危物种的类似研究具有较强的参考价值和借鉴意义。

Study on the effect of human disturbance on the connectivity and genetic diversity of Sichuan snub-nosed monkey (Rhinopithecus roxellana) in Shennongjia National Park

The population of Sichuan snub-nosed monkey (Rhinopithecus roxellana) in Hubei Province occurs in the eastern most edge of species distribution; it has a small population size, genetic isolation, and low genetic diversity, which makes it more vulnerable to environmental changes. Focusing on the Shennongjia Area, we built a species distribution model to identify suitable habitat and achieve resistance surface for movement. We then used circuit theory to analyze landscape connectivity between suitable habitats. To investigate the influence of human disturbance on the moving path of the monkey and the connectivity between and within subpopulations, we combined scenario analysis, i.e., the scenario of road and tourism activity, with least cost model and circuit theory. Using the CDPOP software, we simulated the influence of road on the genetic diversity of monkey in 150 a. The suitable habitat aggregated in Shennongjia, and multiple potential dispersal areas between habitat patches were identified. The road changed the optimal route of monkey between the northern and southern suitable habitats. The tourism activity had no obvious influence on the moving path of the monkey, but resulted in a certain avoidance effect on the distribution of monkey with a distance of 100 m. The road significantly affected the connectivity within the Jinhoulin subpopulation and between all subpopulations, and the tourism activity had not significant effect on the connectivity of monkey. The genetic diversity of meta-population in 150 a exhibited a declining trend, and the roads will likely exacerbate the magnitude of the decline in genetic diversity. According to these results, we put forward some suggestions for the conservation of snub-nosed monkey. The results possess the reference value and the importance to protect this species and others.