雾霾空气中细菌特征及对健康的潜在影响

论文从群落结构、浓度变化及粒径分布的角度论述了雾霾天气对空气细菌特征的影响,并结合了雾霾天气相关疾病的发病率,综合评价了雾霾天气空气病原菌导致的人群潜在健康风险的变化,最后提出了以前研究存在的不足及未来的发展趋势。综合研究结果,雾霾天气对空气细菌群落结构、浓度变化及粒径分布的影响,研究人员在不同城市得出的研究结果不同,可能由样点的时空环境、气象因素、雾霾程度及采集、检验、鉴定空气细菌方法等多种因素的差异引起。雾霾空气中已发现病原细菌均为条件致病菌,在空气中含量很低,但雾霾天气下部分病原菌的相对丰度增加,致病力会显著增强。此外,高浓度的细颗粒物和化学污染物可损伤皮肤黏膜屏障,打破呼吸道和皮肤的微生态平衡,为病原菌侵入创造较好的机会。两者的协同作用,显著增加了雾霾天气空气中病原菌的健康风险。

Bacterial characteristics in atmospheric haze and potential impacts on human health

This study explored the impacts of atmospheric haze on airborne bacteria in terms of bacterial community structure, as well as concentrations and size distributions. We evaluated changes in the potential risks to human health caused by airborne pathogens, based on the morbidity of atmospheric haze-related diseases. Finally, we addressed the shortcomings of previous studies and proposed future trends for related research. The dynamics of bacterial community structure, and concentration and size distribution of bacterial communities in atmospheric haze-on which domestic studies have focused-have not shown consistent patterns to date. These uncertainties may be influenced by collection and detection methods, spatial and temporal disparities, meteorological factors, haze levels, etc. Pathogenic bacteria found on hazy days were opportunistic pathogens with low concentrations. However, the relative abundance and virulence of some bacterial species could significantly increase under hazy conditions. In addition, the high concentration of fine particulate matter with chemical pollutants could damage the skin or the mucous membrane barrier, break the micro-ecological balance of the respiratory tract and skin, and create opportunities for pathogen invasion. The synergistic effects of particulate matter and chemical pollutants have significantly contributed to the health risks from pathogenic bacteria in atmospheric haze.