实现城市可持续发展的系统转型

城市在为人类提供各种生态系统服务的同时,其发展中的各类问题限制着城市生态系统本身的可持续发展。首先概述了城市发展过程中面临的挑战,主要包括城市化过程中人与自然的关系问题及社会生态问题等;其次从可持续发展的内涵、社会-经济-自然复合生态系统和驱动力-压力-状态-影响-响应(DPSIR)的理论出发,分别从城市水供给和污水处置系统、消减城市废弃物排放、城市交通和区域规划、城市发展与粮食系统供求关系、城市清洁能源系统等5个方面对如何实现城市的转型进行了系统的论述。结合我国城市可持续发展的研究进展,指出城市的可持续发展问题不仅是城市自身的问题,也是城市与周边区域的协调发展问题。为此,文章提出必须基于五个"转向"来研究和建立城市化与区域生态的耦合和协调机制。

Systematic transformation towards urban sustainable development

Cities have offered diversified ecosystem services for human wellbeing, while various kinds of problems emerging in urban development have hindered the sustainability of urban ecosystems. This paper presented the major challenges for urbanization including ecological and social problems as a result of rapid urban development. Based on the connotation of sustainable development, theory of Social-Economic-Natural Complex Ecosystem and Driver-Pressure-State-Impact-Response (DPSIR) model, urban water supply and sewage treatment systems, urban waste emission reduction, urban transportation and regional planning, food systems in response to urban expansion, and urban clean energy systems were systematically discussed to achieve the urban transformation. In view of the urban sustainable development in China, it is not just about city itself but also about its integrated relationships with its surrounding regions. Therefore, the paper suggested that the coupling and coordination mechanisms between urbanization and regional ecology be studied and established based on the five "transformations".