农业结构转型对生态系统服务与人类福祉的影响——以西安都市圈两种农业类型为例

研究城市化地区农业类型转变对农业生态系统服务与人类福祉的影响,对调控都市农业发展、维持农业生态系统服务以及提升农户福祉等具有重要意义。以西安都市圈两个农业类型转变的村庄为案例,通过入户调查对村域的生态系统服务价值及人类福祉进行测算,分析农业转型下生态系统服务与人类福祉的相互影响。结果表明:(1)农业结构转型过程中,以粮食耕种为主的马家村的生态系统服务价值由2000年141.88×10~4元减少至2017年117.58×10~4元(降幅为17.13%);而以蔬菜种植为主的火箭村生态系统服务价值由727.23×10~4元增长至1753.23×10~4元(增幅达141.08%),其变化主要源于农业劳动力、农户行为及农业类型的影响。(2)不同农业类型下人类福祉差异明显,以蔬菜种植为主的火箭村人类福祉比以粮食种植为主的马家村高出89%;表明由传统粮食种植转向现代都市农业可以提高人类福祉,在各福祉指标中农业纯收入对农户福祉影响最为显著。(3)不同农业类型下生态系统服务与人类福祉的相关程度不同,但都与农产品供给呈正相关,与农业纯收入呈负相关。以传统粮食种植为主的马家村村民对生态环境的关注度较低,而转向蔬菜种植的火箭村对水质等生态环境的关注度开始提高。生态系统服务价值和农户福祉的提升与农业类型显著相关,因此,可通过政府引导农户规划农业用地类型以优化景观格局,从而维持农业生态系统服务的可持续发展。

Influence of agricultural structure transformation on ecosystem services and human well-being: Case study in Xi'an metropolitan area

Studying the influence of agricultural type transformation on agro-ecosystem services and human well-being in urbanizing area has great significance on controlling urban agriculture development, maintaining agro-ecosystem services, and improving the well-being of farmers.Taking two villages of Majia and Huojian on behalf of two agricultural transformation model in the Xi''an metropolitan area as an example, we have measured the value of human well-being and agro-ecosystem services by household surveys data, and further analyzed their interaction in different transformation models. From 2000 to 2017, ecosystem-services value of the grain-farming Majia village decreased from 141.88×10⁴ yuan to 117.58×10⁴ yuan (by 17.13% decrease), whilst the vegetable-planting Huojian village saw an increase from 727.23×10⁴ yuan to 1753.23×10⁴ yuan (by 141.08% increase). These changes primarily resulted from the alteration of agricultural labor number, farmer behavior and agricultural types. Additionally, we observed an obvious gap of human well-being value between two agricultural transformation models, that had 89% higher in Huojian village than that in Majia village. Specifically, agricultural pure income had significantly impact on change of the human well-being. Therefore, transformation from traditional grain planting to modern urban agriculture could improve human well-being. The degree of correlation between ecosystem services and human well-being differed among agricultural transformation models, but in these two models the human well-being values were positively related to the provisioning of agricultural products, and negatively related to agricultural net income. In Majia village, less attention was paid to the ecological environment, but Huojian village have begun to improve the awareness of the environment, such as water quality. Generally, the value of ecosystem services and farmer well-being are significantly correlated with agriculture types. Therefore, government policies can guide the design of agricultural types to optimize landscape patterns, allowing for the maintenance of sustainable development of agricultural ecosystem services.