利用PCR-DGGE技术分析内蒙古西部地区土壤细菌的多样性

为明确内蒙古西部地区土壤细菌的多样性,利用聚合酶链反应-变性梯度凝胶电泳PCR-DGGE(polymerase chain reaction-denaturing gradient gel electrophoresis)技术对170份土壤样品中的细菌丰度和群落结构组成进行了分析,并研究了土壤细菌多样性与肥力参数的关系。结果表明:内蒙古西部地区土壤细菌的多样性是比较丰富的,丰富度指数处于4到60之间,香浓指数处于1.38到4.09之间。不同土壤类型,其细菌的多样性有明显差异。其中,新积土、棕钙土、栗钙土和灰钙土中的细菌多样性指数均高于其他类型土壤,而灰漠土的多样性指数最低。且土壤的不同利用方式也会对土壤细菌多样性有所影响,其中耕地土壤细菌多样性指数最高,而未利用土壤的多样性指数最低。细菌多样性与土壤肥力参数的相关性分析结果显示二者之间并无显著的相关性。内蒙古西部地区土壤中的优势种群包括Proteobacteria(变形菌门)、Bacteroidetes(拟杆菌门)、Firmicutes(厚壁菌门)、Actinobacteria(放线菌门)、Acidobacteria(酸杆菌门)、Gemmatimonadetes(芽单胞菌门)、Nitrospira(硝化螺旋菌门)。可为该地区的土壤生态系统治理与恢复及未来该地区特有微生物资源的开发利用、农业生产指导等提供一定的科学依据。

Analysis of bacterial diversity of soil in western Inner Mongolia using PCR-DGGE

The purpose of this study was to determine bacterial diversity of soil in the western region of Inner Mongolia. The bacterial abundance and community structure of 170 soil samples collected from the western region of Inner Mongolia were tested using polymerase chain reaction-denaturing gradient gel electrophoresis (PCR-DGGE), and the correlation between bacterial community and soil fertility parameters was analyzed. The results showed that the diversity of bacteria in the western region of Inner Mongolia was relatively rich. The richness index was between 4 and 60 and the Shannon index was between 1.38 and 4.09. There were significant differences in the diversity of bacteria among different soil types. The bacterial diversity index of alluvial soil, brown calcic soil, chestnut soil, and sierozem were higher than that of other types of soil. Furthermore, the manner of soil utilization also affected the diversity of bacteria. The Shannon index and richness of cultivated land were the highest and that of unused soil were the lowest. The correlation analysis between bacterial diversity and soil fertility parameters showed that there was no significant correlation between them. The dominant populations of bacteria in soil in the western region of Inner Mongolia include Proteobacteria, Bacteroidetes, Firmicutes, Actinobacteria Acinetobacter, Acidobacteria, Gemmatimonadetes, and Nitrospira. This study can provide a scientific basis for the management and restoration of soil ecosystem and the development and utilization of microbial resources and agricultural production guidance in this region.