细胞死亡清除的趋化和危险信号分子

细胞死亡是机体组成发育及其平衡的重要组成部分,细胞死亡后能够迅速被邻近细胞或巨噬细胞识别吞噬及消化.死细胞自身或细胞死亡时释放的物质有利于死亡细胞的清除及免疫学转归.研究发现凋亡细胞主要通过释放dRPS19、LPC、EMAPⅡ、TSP-1、核苷酸、FKN等趋化信号分子招来吞噬细胞,启动清除过程;坏死细胞则主要通过危险信号分子HSP、S100蛋白、HMGB-1、ATP、尿酸等物质启动和介导炎性反应.然而任何一个信号都不能独立执行功能,多种信号间往往相互联系与制约,共同构成了死细胞清除的信号网络.

Attraction and Danger Signals in the Clearance of Dying Cells

Cell death is crucially required for survival and homeostasis of organisms. Dying cells, apoptotic as wells as necrotic ones, are swiftly engulfed either by phagocytosis-competent neighboring cells or by professional phagocytes. It is generally accepted that not only the dying cells but also the substances, which are liberated during cell death, contribute to the process of dying cell removal. It has been found that apoptotic cells can actively stimulate phagocyte chemotaxis through releasing dRPS19, LPC, EMAPII, TSP-1, Nucleotides and FKN, whereas danger signals, released by necrotic cells, such as HSPs, S100 protein, HMGB-1, ATP and Uric Acid, have been described to mediate inflammation. However, any signal cannot perform a function independently. Now it has become evident that there is a complex network of interaction between the attraction signals and the danger signals.