河北省冬小麦丰产抗旱性表型鉴定指标分析

以河北省审定的85个冬小麦品种为材料,采用防雨棚春季干旱和露地灌溉2个处理,分别于开花期、成熟期调查株高等27个表型性状,分析了各表型性状与单株子粒产量的相关性。结果表明,单株成穗数等12个性状与单株子粒产量抗旱系数或抗旱指数呈显著或极显著相关;结合表型性状变异系数,明确了提高单株成穗数、穗粒数、灌溉条件下较长的旗叶长度和干旱条件下较短的旗叶长度是培育丰产抗旱小麦新品种的主攻方向;子粒比重、子粒长度及干旱条件下的结实率和每穗小穗数可作为河北省小麦种质资源丰产抗旱性的鉴定依据;河北省小麦品种丰产性高,而抗旱性尚需进一步改善。

Analysis on the Phenotypic Indexes for Identification of High Yield and Drought Resistance of Winter Wheat Varieties in Hebei province

In this study, 85 winter wheat varieties authorized in Hebei Province were planted under the conditions of spring drought through rainproof shelter, and irrigation twice at jointing and booting stages. 27 phenotypic traits, such as plant height, were observed at anthesis and maturity. And the correlation between phenotypic characters and grain yield per plant were analyzed. The results showed that, the correlation was significant or very significant between 12 traits including spike number per plant, and drought resistance coefficient (DRC) or drought resistance index (DRI) of grain yield per plant under drought condition. Based on the coefficient of variation of phenotypic traits, it was recommended that, such traits as spike number per plant, grains per spike, and the longer flag leaf under irrigation or shorter under drought be the main breeding targets of wheat for high yield and drought resistance in Hebei Province. 4 traits, including grain specific gravity, grain length and Setting percentage under drought, Spikelets per spike under drought could be used to identify the drought resistance of wheat germplasm resources in Hebei Province. The wheat varieties of Hebei Province possessed high yield ability, but the drought resistance need to be improved.