Burkholderia species are ancient symbionts of legumes |
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| Authors: | CYRIL BONTEMPS,GEOFFREY N. ELLIOTT&dagger ,MARCELO F. SIMON&Dagger ,FÁ BIO B. DOS REIS JÚ NIOR § ,EDUARDO GROSS¶ ,REBECCA C. LAWTON,NICOLAU ELIAS NETO,MARIA de FÁ TIMA LOUREIRO,,SERGIO M. DE FARIA&dagger &dagger ,JANET I. SPRENT&Dagger &Dagger ,EUAN K. JAMES§ § , J. PETER W. YOUNG |
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| Affiliation: | Department of Biology, University of York, PO Box 373, York YO10 5YW, England, UK;, The Macaulay Institute, Craigiebuckler, Aberdeen, AB15 8QH, UK;, Embrapa Cenargen, PqEB, Final Av. W5 Norte, CP 2372, Brasília, 70770-900, DF, Brazil;, Embrapa Cerrados, Planaltina, 73301-970, DF, Brazil;, Departamento de Ciências Agrárias e Ambientais, Universidade Estadual de Santa Cruz, km 16, Ilhéus, 45662-000, BA, Brazil;, Faculdade de Agronomia, Universidade Federal de Mato Grosso, Cuiabá, 78060-900, MT, Brazil;, Embrapa Agrobiologia, km 47, Seropédica, 23851-970, RJ, Brazil;, College of Life Sciences, University of Dundee, Dundee DD1 5EH, UK;, EPI Division, Scottish Crop Research Institute, Invergowrie, Dundee DD2 5DA, UK |
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| Abstract: | Burkholderia has only recently been recognized as a potential nitrogen-fixing symbiont of legumes, but we find that the origins of symbiosis in Burkholderia are much deeper than previously suspected. We sampled 143 symbionts from 47 native species of Mimosa across 1800 km in central Brazil and found that 98% were Burkholderia . Gene sequences defined seven distinct and divergent species complexes within the genus Burkholderia . The symbiosis-related genes formed deep Burkholderia -specific clades, each specific to a species complex, implying that these genes diverged over a long period within Burkholderia without substantial horizontal gene transfer between species complexes. |
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| Keywords: | biodiversity Brazil Mimosa nitrogen fixation rhizobia |
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