土壤动物肠道微生物多样性研究进展

随着分子生物学技术方法的快速发展，动物肠道微生物已成为医学、动物生理学与微生物生态学等研究领域热点。土壤动物种类繁多，分布广泛，其作为陆地生态系统重要组分，是驱动生态系统功能的关键因子。土壤动物体内的微生物由于与宿主长期共存，在与宿主协同进化中形成了丰富多样的群落结构，能够影响土壤动物本身的健康，进而介导土壤动物生态功能的实现。近些年，土壤动物肠道微生物工作方兴未艾，日渐得到重视。总结了四个部分内容：1)首先总结了土壤动物肠道微生物多样性领域的研究现状，该领域年发文量逐年增长，且近十年增长快速。土壤模式生物肠道微生物多样性研究较多且更为深入。土壤动物肠道微生物多样性组成与驱动机制、共存机制及群落构建的理论研究是该领域前沿；2)进而展示了土壤动物肠道微生物多样性组成和研究方法，土壤动物肠道菌群组成以变形菌门、厚壁菌门、放线菌门和拟杆菌门为主。早期工作基于传统分离培养，近年来新一代测序技术推动了该领域发展；3)接着关注了土壤动物肠道微生物的生态学功能，总体上体现在肠道微生物能帮助宿主分解食物基质、参与营养利用、影响寿命和繁殖及提高宿主免疫能力，且其能够影响土壤动物的气体排放及介导其对生态系...

A review on gut microbial diversity of soil animals

With the rapid development of molecular techniques, gut microbiota of animals have become a hot topic in the fields of medicine, animal physiology and microbial ecology. Soil animals, with high species diversity and wild distribution, are important organisms playing significantly functional roles in terrestrial ecosystems. Associations of microbiota with their animal hosts are evolutionary products of interactions between the two parties. The animal-associated microbiota may indirectly regulate ecosystem functions by influencing host physiological functions. In the recent years, studies on gut microbiota of soil animals have gained much attention. Here, 1) we summarized the current research progresses in studies on microbial community associated with soil animals:Number of publications of this research field increased, especially in the past decade; most of the gut microbial studies focused on soil model animals; frontiers of the research topics included species composition, co-existence and assembly processes of gut microbial communities. 2) We described microbial compositions in soil animal gut, and introduced the common approaches used in the field:Dominant microbial taxa included Proteobacteria, Firmicutes, Actinobacteria and Bacteroidetes; while early work was mainly based on culturing methods, new sequencing technology had advanced the field recently. 3) We described biological and ecological functions provided by gut microbiota:Gut microbiota could help soil animals in digesting compound food resources, participate in host nutrient assimilation, affect host lifetime and reproduction and adjust host immune capacity; they may also indirectly affect gas emission and mediate nutrient cycling in soil ecosystems. 4) We discussed the main drivers, including host attributes and environmental factors, that influenced gut microbiota of soil animals:The gut microbial community was closely related to host intestinal morphology, phylogeny, feeding habits and developmental stages, as well as habitat and environmental pollutants. This review can help to understand composition and diversity of gut microbiota of soil animals and advance our knowledge on the roles played by gut microbiota in soil biodiversity and ecosystem functioning.