我国福寿螺入侵现状和防控研究进展

福寿螺原分布于南美洲,20世纪80年代作为一种水生经济生物引入我国,后因食味不佳被弃于水生环境,因其具有繁殖力高、适应性强、食性杂等特点,在我国多个区域迅速扩散入侵,已给农业生产、生态系统、人类健康等造成了严重的危害。文章对福寿螺入侵现状进行了深入分析与系统总结,介绍了现有福寿螺防控技术手段,重点阐述环境友好型福寿螺防控技术并对其进行了研究展望。目前,针对福寿螺防控实施的多种物理、化学和生物措施,治理效果不一,植物源生物控制技术因具有更高效、更经济、对非靶细胞更安全等优点,成为防治福寿螺的研究热点。然而此类研究多数集中于简单的毒杀效果试验,较少涉及毒杀机理、生殖系统等。本文旨在为全面了解我国福寿螺入侵现状、防控研究进展提供理论指导,为进一步探究福寿螺防控技术提供对策与新的思路。

The invasion and control of Pomacea canaliculata in China

Pomacea canaliculata is native to South America. In the 1980s, it was introduced into China as potential candidate for aquaculture. Because of its poor taste, it was later released into aquatic environments. As a result of its high fecundity, strong adaptability, and broad diet, P. canaliculata has rapidly spread and invaded many regions of China, causing serious harm to agricultural production, ecosystems, and human health. In this study, the current status of P. canaliculata in China was analyzed and systematically summarized. The existing prevention and control strategies for P. canaliculata are also discussed, environmentally friendly methods for its prevention and control are emphasized, and suggested future research prospects are presented. At present, a variety of physical, chemical, and biological measures, with different control effects on P. canaliculata, are used. Plant-derived control has become a hot research topic because of its advantages over other methods, including higher efficiency, more cost-effectiveness, and greater ecological safety against non-targets. However, studies of biological control measures tend to focus on simple toxicity tests, with fewer tests related to the mechanisms of toxicity and effects on reproduction. The purpose of this study was to provide a comprehensive review of the current situation regarding P. canaliculata invasion in China, the research progress on its prevention and control, and theoretical guidance for improved control, with an aim to provide potential countermeasures and novel ideas for furthering the prevention and control of P. canaliculata.