慢性动脉血压调节与原发性高血压病——Ⅰ.慢性动脉血压调节

机体在不同条件下维持动脉血压恒定的机理是不相同的。目前认为,长时程或慢性血压调节的关键器官是肾脏,这种调节与机体的水盐平衡有密切的关系。动脉血压的升高可以导致肾脏排尿量（或排钠量）的升高,即动脉血压与肾脏的排尿量（或排钠量）呈明显的正相关关系,称之为“压力-利尿作用”。当血容量升高时,通过肾脏的压力-利尿作用,可以排出过多的容量,维持动脉血压的恒定。只有在肾脏功能受到损伤的条件下,高血容量才可能引起高血压。

Long-term regulation of arterial pressure and essential hypertension--I. Long-term regulation of arterial pressure

Arterial blood pressure is regulated not by a single pressure controlling mechanism but instead by several interrelated mechanisms, each of which performs a specific function. By now, it is clear that kidney plays a dominant role in long-term regulation of arterial pressure. It is found that urine volume output markedly increases as the arterial blood pressure rises. It is the phenomenon of pressure-diuresis. Arterial blood pressure can be kept constantly by the action of pressure-diuresis when the excess accumulation of extracellular fluid in the body occurs. During this period of time kidney excretes a larger amount of urine volume. It is thus that under the conditions of the excess accumulation of extracellular fluid in the body, high level of the arterial blood pressure can only be observed as the renal function is abnormal.