化学药剂诱导玉米孤雌生殖植株的细胞遗传学研究

对化学药剂诱导玉米孤雌生殖获得的植株的染色体组成及其稳定性进行了研究。试验用2％二甲基亚砜(DMSO)+0.1％秋水仙碱;40％ppm马来酰胼(MH)+0.1％秋水仙碱;40ppm MH+2％ DMSO三种处理,共获得130粒孤雌生殖种子。本文对孤雌生殖种子的植株及后代进行了细胞遗传学分析、讨论。试验分析了145株孤雌生殖植株和对照植株的根尖细胞,和其中的88株的花粉母细胞。有半数以上植株的根尖细胞为混倍体,但除1株外,其余的混倍体植株的花粉母细胞均为二倍体。这一异常植株的花粉母细胞仍为混倍体,其子代中有二倍体和各种非整倍体植株。这一结果表明,用这种方法不仅能获得二倍体纯系,而且还可以获得非整倍体。

Cytogenetic Studies of Chemically-induced Parthenogenic Maize Plants

The chromosomal constitution and stability in parthenogenic maize plants induced by chemical treatment were studied.Root-tip cells from 145 parthenogenic seedlings and the pollen mother cells (PMC) from 88 parthenogenic plants were analyzed,over half of the plants had mixoploid root-tips,and all the mixoploid plants had diploid PMCs.With one plant abnormal.The abnormal plant had a mixoploid PMC.Progeny of this plant included aneuploids,such as trisomic and tetrasomic.The results indicated that not only diploid pure lines but also aneuploids were produced by this method.