Intraspecific variation in the venom of the vermivorous cone snail Conus vexillum |
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| Authors: | Abdel-Rahman Mohamed A Abdel-Nabi Ismail M El-Naggar Mohamed S Abbas Osama A Strong Peter N |
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| Affiliation: | aZoology Department, Faculty of Science, Suez Canal University, Ismailia, Egypt;bZoology Department, Faculty of Sciences, Port Said University, Port Said, Egypt;cBiomedical Research Centre, Biosciences Division, Sheffield Hallam University, Sheffield S1 1WB, UK |
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| Abstract: | A combination of proteomic and biochemical assays was used to examine variations in the venom of Conus vexillum taken from two locations (Hurgada and Sharm El-Shaikh) in the Red Sea, Egypt. Using MALDI/TOF-MS, a remarkable degree of intra-species variation between venom samples from both locations was identified. To evaluate variability in the cytotoxic effects of Conus venom, mice were injected with the same dose from each location. The oxidative stress biomarkers [malondialdehyde (MDA), protein carbonyl content (PCC)], antioxidants [glutathione (GSH), superoxide dismutase (SOD), catalase (CAT)], total antioxidant capacity (TAC) and nitric oxide (NO), were measured 3, 6, 9 and 12 h post venom injection. The venoms induced a significant increase in the levels of PCC, MDA, NO, GSH and CAT. The venoms significantly inhibited the activity of SOD and reduced the TAC. Toxicological data showed that the venom obtained from Hurgada was more potent than that obtained from Sharm El-Shaikh. It can be concluded that: (1) the venom of the same Conus species from different regions is highly diversified (2) the venoms from different locations reflect clear differences in venom potency and (3) the cytotoxic effects of C. vexillum venom can be attributed to its ability to induce oxidative stress. |
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| Keywords: | Venom diversity Worm-hunting cone snails Conus vexillum Oxidative stress Antioxidants Red Sea, Egypt |
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