Cytotoxic activity of 4'-hydroxychalcone derivatives against Jurkat cells and their effects on mammalian DNA topoisomerase I

Chalcones (1,3-diaryl-2-propen-1-ones) are alpha, beta-unsaturated ketones with cytotoxic and anticancer properties. Several reports have shown that compounds with cytotoxic properties may also interfere with DNA topoisomerase functions. Five derivatives of 4'-hydroxychalcones were examined for cytotoxicity against transformed human T (Jurkat) cells as well as plasmid supercoil relaxation experiments using mammalian DNA topoisomerase I. The compounds were 3-phenyl-1-(4'-hydroxyphenyl)-2-propen-1-one (I), 3-(p-methylphenyl)-1-(4'-hydroxyphenyl)-2-propen-1-one (II), 3-(p-methoxyphenyl)-1-(4'-hydroxyphenyl)-2-propen-1-one (III), 3-(p-chlorophenyl)-1-(4'-hydroxyphenyl)-2-propen-1-one (IV), and 3-(2- thienyl)-1-(4'-hydroxyphenyl)-2-propen-1-one (V). The order of the cytotoxicity of the compounds was; IV > III > II > I > V. Compound IV, had the highest Hammett and log P values (0.23 and 4.21, respectively) and exerted both highest cytotoxicity and strongest DNA topoisomerase I inhibition. Compounds I and II gave moderate interference with the DNA topoisomerase I while III & V did not interfere with the enzyme.