综述: 肿瘤干细胞微环境与靶向干预策略

肿瘤干细胞具有自我更新和可塑性的潜能，能够维持肿瘤生长和异质性的能力．肿瘤干细胞是肿瘤产生、转移、耐药和复发的根源，肿瘤干细胞学说逐渐被肿瘤研究者所接受，因此，对肿瘤干细胞的深入理解有重大的科学和临床意义．肿瘤干细胞的微环境是肿瘤微环境的组成部分，包括细胞-细胞接触、分泌型因子等．肿瘤非干细胞和肿瘤干细胞本身都可以作为肿瘤干细胞的微环境．肿瘤干细胞的微环境可以维持肿瘤干细胞的可塑性，保护肿瘤干细胞免受免疫系统攻击，也可以促进其转移．肿瘤干细胞对其微环境的塑造、肿瘤干细胞的微环境对肿瘤干细胞自我更新的影响，以及针对肿瘤干细胞微环境的靶向干预等问题，已成为肿瘤干细胞研究的前沿问题．本文就肿瘤干细胞的发现、自我更新维持机制、肿瘤干细胞的微环境，及其肿瘤干细胞及微环境的干预策略等研究进展进行了综述．

Review: Cancer Stem Cell Niches and Targeted Interventions

Cancer stem cells (CSCs) maintain tumor propagation and heterogeneity due to their capacities of self-renewal and plasticity. Given that the CSCs are responsible for tumor formation, metastasis, drug resistance and relapse, the hypothesis of CSCs has been gradually accepted by more and more tumor researchers. Therefore, it is of great scientific and clinical significance to investigate CSC biology. The CSCs reside in niches (CSC niches), which are part of tumor microenvironments, containing cell-cell contact and secretory factors. Cancer non-stem cells and CSCs themselves also serve as the CSC niches. CSC niches maintain the plasticity of CSCs, protect CSCs from attack by the immune system, and promote tumor metastasis as well. The remodeling of CSC niches by CSCs, the influence of CSC self-renewal by CSC niches, and CSC niche-based targeted interventions emerge as fronts of CSC biology. In this review, we summarize recent progresses on CSC discovery, CSC self-renewal regulation, CSC niches, as well as targeted interventions against CSCs and CSC niches.