Chemoprotective Effect of Taurine on Potassium Bromate-Induced DNA Damage,DNA-Protein Cross-Linking and Oxidative Stress in Rat Intestine

Potassium bromate (KBrO₃) is widely used as a food additive and is a major water disinfection by-product. It induces multiple organ toxicity in humans and experimental animals and is a probable human carcinogen. The present study reports the protective effect of dietary antioxidant taurine on KBrO₃-induced damage to the rat intestine. Animals were randomly divided into four groups: control, KBrO₃ alone, taurine alone and taurine+ KBrO₃. Administration of KBrO₃ alone led to decrease in the activities of intestinal brush border membrane enzymes while those of antioxidant defence and carbohydrate metabolism were also severely altered. There was increase in DNA damage and DNA-protein cross-linking. Treatment with taurine, prior to administration of KBrO₃, resulted in significant attenuation in all these parameters but the administration of taurine alone had no effect. Histological studies supported these biochemical results showing extensive intestinal damage in KBrO₃-treated animals and greatly reduced tissue injury in the taurine+ KBrO₃ group. These results show that taurine ameliorates bromate induced tissue toxicity and oxidative damage by improving the antioxidant defence, tissue integrity and energy metabolism. Taurine can, therefore, be potentially used as a therapeutic/protective agent against toxicity of KBrO₃ and related compounds.