植物萜类生物合成中的后修饰酶

萜类化合物由于其结构类型丰富多样而被称为"terpenome".除了参与植物生长发育、环境应答等生理过程,萜类化合物还应用于医药、有机化工等领域.萜类的生物合成大致可分为前体形成、骨架构建以及后修饰三部分,基本骨架通常由萜类合酶催化形成,进一步在后修饰酶的作用下产生数以万计的萜类化合物.结合我们对香茶菜二萜生物合成的初步研究结果,本文主要针对近年来植物萜类生物合成中的一些有代表性的后修饰酶包括P450单氧酶、双键还原酶、酰基转移酶和糖基转移酶,进行研究现状分析与展望.

Post-modification Enzymes Involved in the Biosynthesis of Plant Terpenoids

Terpenoids are called "terpenome" for their structural diversities. Besides their important roles in plant growth, development and environmental responses, terpenoids have been widely used in medicine and organic chemicals. The biosynthesis of terpenoids in plants can be conceptually divided into three discrete processes: the formation of terpene precursors, the construction of terpene skeletons, followed by the complex post-modifications. After the skeleton construction by terpene synthases (TPS), diverse reactions catalyzed by the responsible post-modification enzymes result in tens of thousands of terpenoids. In this paper, with our preliminary studies on the biosynthesis of Isodon diterpenes, a number of representative post-modification enzymes of plant terpenoids formation reported in recent years are reviewed, which include P450 monooxidases, double-bond reductases, acylrransferases and glycosyltransferases.