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Supercooling and ice propagation in blood from Arctic fishes

Authors:	P F Scholander J E Maggert

Affiliation:	1. Technische Thermodynamik, Universität Bremen, Badgasteiner Str. 1, 28359 Bremen, Germany;2. MAPEX Center of Materials and Processes, Universität Bremen, Germany;3. School of Engineering, University of Aberdeen, Fraser Noble Building, Aberdeen AB24 3UE, UK;4. Erlangen Graduate School in Advanced Optical Technologies (SAOT), Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg, Germany;1. Division of Cancer Research, School of Medicine, Ninewells Hospital and Medical School, University of Dundee, Dundee DD1 9SY, United Kingdom;2. MSI/WTB/JBC complex, College of Life Sciences, University of Dundee, Dundee DD1 4HN, Scotland, United Kingdom;3. Concept Life Sciences, Dundee DD1 5JJ, Scotland, United Kingdom

Abstract:	Studies of melting points and rates of freezing of plasma from winter fishes in the Bering Sea show that they survive in a supercooled state. The striking hysteresis in their melt-freeze equilibrium is related to the colloid fraction of the plasma. The lack of effect on the melting point and the modified crystal growth (monocline) when the supercooling breaks down suggests that the freeze protection involves shielding of the water-ice interface.

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