Metabolic Rates,Growth Phase,and mRNA Levels Influence Cell-Specific Antibody Production Levels from In Vitro-Cultured Mammalian Cells at Sub-Physiological Temperatures

Previous work has shown that recombinant protein yield can be improved from in vitro-cultured mammalian cells by culturing at sub-physiological temperatures, although this effect is cell line and product dependent. The mechanism(s) by which low temperature leads to enhanced product yield are currently unknown; however, recent reports suggest that increased mRNA levels at sub-physiological temperatures may be largely responsible for this. Here, we have investigated whether low-temperature cultivation of cell lines selected for antibody production at 37°C leads to changes in heavy- and light-chain mRNA levels and if this is reflected in antibody yields. Low-temperature in vitro culturing resulted in reduced viable cell concentration, prolonged cell viability, a reduction in metabolite consumption and production, cell cycle arrest in both CHO and NS0 cells, and changes in the levels of heavy- and light-chain mRNA. Despite increases in the level of heavy- and light-chain mRNA upon culturing at 32°C in our model CHO cell line, this did not result in increased total product yield; however, changes in cell-specific yields were observed that reflected the metabolic rate of glucose utilization and changes in mRNA levels.