Microbial production and industrial applications of keratinases: an overview |
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| Authors: | Imania Ghaffar Aqsa Imtiaz Ali Hussain Arshad Javid Faiza Jabeen Muhammad Akmal Javed Iqbal Qazi |
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| Institution: | 1.Department of Wildlife and Ecology,University of Veterinary and Animal Sciences,Lahore,Pakistan;2.Department of Zoology,Government College University,Faisalabad,Pakistan;3.Department of Fisheries and Aquaculture,University of Veterinary and Animal Sciences,Lahore,Pakistan;4.Department of Zoology,University of the Punjab,Lahore,Pakistan |
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| Abstract: | Massive production of keratinaceous byproducts in the form of agricultural and industrial wastes throughout the world necessitates its justified utilization. Chemical treatment of keratin waste is proclaimed as an eco-destructive approach by various researchers since it generates secondary pollutants. Microbial degradation of keratin waste is an emerging and eco-friendly approach and offers dual benefits, i.e., treatment of recalcitrant pollutant (keratin) and procurement of a commercially important enzyme (keratinase). This review summarizes the potential utility of some bacterial and fungal species for the production of keratinase using a variety of keratinaceous wastes as growth substrates. The application of microbial keratinases in waste management; animal feed, detergent, and fertilizer manufacturing; and leather, cosmetic, and pharmaceutical industries is also abridged in this review. |
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