中国东北地区植物特有性研究

为了更好地理解植物区系的起源、种系分化及演化进程，推进特有植物保护工作，本文对东北地区内分布的中国特有植物、东北地区特有植物和植物区系地区特有植物的物种组成、科属结构、生活型组成、区系特征和地理分布情况进行了系统研究。结果表明：①研究区域内共有中国特有植物289种、东北地区特有植物109种、长白植物区系地区特有植物154种、大兴安岭植物区系地区特有植物16种、蒙古草原植物区系地区特有植物10种、华北植物区系地区特有植物20种。②各类特有植物中均以草本植物种数最多，其中多年生草本植物占绝对优势，乔木、灌木和藤本相对较少。③中国特有植物集中分布在东北地区大兴安岭山脉和长白山山脉。④东北地区特有植物集中分布地区与东北地区主要山脉走向一致，说明东北地区特有植物以山地起源植物为主。⑤长白植物区系地区植物特有性较强，表现出区系较为成熟的性质。大兴安岭植物区系地区、蒙古草原植物区系地区和华北植物区系地区特有性较弱，表现出区系较年轻的性质。⑥长白植物区系地区特有植物集中分布在吉林长白山山脉和长白山山脉向南延伸的余脉上。大兴安岭植物区系地区特有植物在区内分布较均匀，华北植物区系地区和蒙古草原植物区系地区特有植物在区内分布较零散。

Plant Endemism in Northeast China

In order to better understand the origin of plant， phylogenetic differentiation and evolution process of flora， to promote the protection of endemic plants， endemic flora regions in Northeast China were systematically investigated respectively， including the species composition， family structure and genus structure， life-form composition， flora characteristics and geographical distribution. The results showed that：①There were 289 species of Chinese endemic plants， 109 species of endemic plants of Northeast China， 154 species of endemic plants of Changbai flora region， 16 species of endemic plants of Daxing’anling flora region， 10 species of endemic plants of Mongolia steppe flora region and 20 species of endemic plants of Northern China flora region. ②Among all kinds of endemic plants， herb were the most， and perennial herbs were the most dominant， while trees， shrubs and vines were the less. ③Chinese endemic plants were densely distributed in Daxing’anling Mountains and Changbai Mountains. ④The concentrated distribution areas of endemic plants of Northeast China were distributed along the main mountains in Northeast China， indicated that the endemic plants of Northeast China mainly originated from mountains. ⑤Changbai flora region had high level of endemism， showed the mature nature of the flora. Daxing’anling flora region， Mongolia steppe flora region and Northern China flora region had low level of endemism， showed the young nature of the flora. ⑥Endemic plants of Changbai flora region were densely distributed in Changbai Mountains. The endemic plants of Daxing’anling flora region were evenly distributed， and the endemic plants of Mongolia steppe flora region and the endemic plants of Northern China flora region were scattered.