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Enzyme inhibition and antioxidant functionality of eleven Inula species based on chemical components and chemometric insights
Institution:1. Department of Biology, Faculty of Science, Selcuk University, Turkey;2. Department of Pharmacognosy, Faculty of Pharmacy, Medical University of Sofia, Bulgaria;3. Department of Health Sciences, Faculty of Science, University of Mauritius, 230 Réduit, Mauritius;1. Department of Genetics and Bioengineering, Faculty of Engineering and Architecture, Kastamonu University, Kastamonu, Turkey;2. Department of Physical and Analytical Chemistry, University of Jaén, Campus Las Lagunillas S/N, E-23071, Jaén, Spain;3. Department of Health Sciences, Faculty of Science, University of Mauritius, 230, Réduit, Mauritius;4. Department of Biology, Faculty of Art and Science, University of Bolu Abant Izzet Baysal, Bolu, Turkey;5. Laboratoire de Botanique et Phytothérapie, Unité de Formation et de Recherche Sciences de la Nature, 02 BP 801 Abidjan 02, Université Nangui Abrogoua, Abidjan, Cote d’Ivoire;6. Department of Biology, Science Faculty, Selcuk Universtiy, Campus, Konya, Turkey;1. Avignon University, Qualisud UMR95, F-84 000 Avignon, France;2. Qualisud, Univ Montpellier, CIRAD, Montpellier Sup''Agro, Université d''Avignon, Université de la Réunion, Montpellier, France;3. Aix Marseille Univ, Laboratory of Pharmacognosy and Ethnopharmacology, UMR-MD3, Faculty of Pharmacy, 27 Bd Jean Moulin, CS 30064, 13385, Marseille cedex 05, France;4. Luberon Natural Regional Park, 60 place Jean-Jaurès, BP 122, 84404 Apt, France
Abstract:The members of the genus Inula have been widely used in traditional medicinal. In the present study, 11 Inula species were investigated for their phytochemical composition, antioxidant and enzyme inhibitory effects. While quinic acid was the principal compound in I. anatolica, I. britannica, I. inuloides, I. oculus-christi, I. peacockiana, I. sechmenii, I. thapsoides and I. viscidula extracts (22.43–42.02 mg/g dry extract (DE)), I. aucheriana and I. discoidea extracts contained rutin as their most abundant compound (23.28 and 79.10 mg/g extract, respectively). Interestingly, all the Inula extracts were active inhibitors of the five key clinical enzymes (acetylcholinesterase (3.56–5.13 mg galantamine equivalent (GALAE)/g), butyrylcholinesterase (1.49–7.34 mg GALAE/g), tyrosinase (112.31–122.13 mg kojic acid equivalent (KAE)/g), α-glucosidase (0.77–2.08 mmol acarbose equivalent (ACAE)/g) and α-amylase (0.73–0.90 mmol ACAE/g)). Furthermore, the extracts were observed to exhibit substantial antioxidant capacity (1,1-diphenyl-2-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH): 58.99–188.22 mg trolox equivalent (TE)/g); 2,2-azino-bis(3-ethylbenzo-thiazoline-6-sulfonic acid) (ABTS): 90.51–220.97 mg TE/g; cupric reducing antioxidant capacity (CUPRAC): 169.88–460.53 mg TE/g; ferric reducing antioxidant power (FRAP): 81.57–237.99 mg TE/g; metal chelating activity: 8.31–25.39 mg ethylenediamine tetraacetate equivalent (EDTAE)/g; phosphomolybdenum: 1.55–2.49 mmol TE/g). In conclusion, the Inula species studied herein showed promising pharmacological potentials justified by the presence of a panoply of bioactive compounds.
Keywords:Traditional medicine  Phenolics  Enzyme inhibitors  Antioxidants  Phytopharmaceuticals
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