Crocodylian assemblage from the middle Eocene Ikovo locality (Lugansk Province,Ukraine), with a discussion of the fossil record and geographic origins of crocodyliform fauna in the Paleogene of Europe |
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| Institution: | 1. Department of Vertebrate Zoology, Faculty of Biology, Saint Petersburg State University, Universitetskaya nab., 7–9, Saint Petersburg 199034, Russian Federation;2. Department of Geography, Lugansk State Pedagogical University, Oboronnaya str., 2, Lugansk 91011, Ukraine;1. Instituto de Geofísica y Astronomía, Cuba;2. Florida Museum of Natural History, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL 32611-7800, USA;3. Sociedad Cubana de Geología, Cienfuegos, Cuba;1. CONICET. División Paleontología Vertebrados, Museo de La Plata, Facultad de Ciencias Naturales y Museo, Universidad Nacional de La Plata, La Plata, Argentina;2. CONICET. Instituto de Evolución, Ecología Histórica y Ambiente (IDEVEA), Universidad Tecnológica Nacional, San Rafael, Mendoza, Argentina;1. Vertebrate Zoology Department, Saint Petersburg State University, Universitetskaya Emb. 7/9, 199034, St. Petersburg, Russia;2. Zoological Institute of the Russian Academy of Sciences, Universitetskaya Emb. 1, 199034, St. Petersburg, Russia;3. Institute of Geology and Petroleum Technology, Kazan Federal University, Kremlevskaya Str. 4/5, 420008 Kazan, Russia;4. Institute of Geosciences, Section Paleontology, Rheinische Friedrich-Wilhelms-Universität Bonn, Nussallee 8, 53115 Bonn, Germany;5. Institute of Diamond and Precious Metals Geology, Siberian Branch of the Russian Academy of Sciences, Lenina Pr. 39, 677980, Yakutsk, Russia;6. Russian State Geological Prospecting University, Miklukho-Maklaya Str. 23, 117997, Moscow, Russia;1. Palaeontological Institute and Museum, University of Zurich, Karl Schmid-Strasse 4, 8006 Zurich, Switzerland;2. Dipartimento di Scienze della Terra, Università di Torino, 35, via Valperga Caluso, 10125 Torino, Italy;3. Institut Català de Paleontologia Miquel Crusafont, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Edifici ICTA -ICP, Carrer de les Columnes s/n, Campus de la UAB, 08193 Cerdanyola del Vallès, Barcelona, Spain;1. Grupo Aragosaurus-IUCA, Departamento de Ciencias de la Tierra, Facultad de Ciencias, Universidad de Zaragoza, C/ Pedro Cerbuna 12, 50009, Zaragoza, Spain;2. Institut Català de Paleontologia Miquel Crusafont, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, C/ Escola Industrial 23, E-08201, Sabadell, Spain;3. Department of Earth and Environmental Sciences, University of Iowa, 52242, Iowa City, USA;1. Département de Géologie, Faculté des Sciences, Université de Lomé, B.P.1515, Lomé, Togo;2. Institut des Sciences de l’Evolution de Montpellier (ISE-M, UMR 5554, CNRS/UM/IRD/EPHE), Université de Montpellier, 34095 Montpellier cedex 5, France;3. Univ Lyon, Univ Lyon 1, ENSL, CNRS, LGL-TPE, 69622 Villeurbanne, France;4. Laboratoire de Sédimentologie et Biostratigraphie, Département de Géologie, Université Cheikh Anta Diop de Dakar, Dakar, Senegal |
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| Abstract: | The known fossil record of crocodyliforms in Europe during the Paleogene is significantly biased, in that the fauna of Western Europe is far better sampled and understood compared to that of Eastern Europe. We describe in detail all known crocodyliform remains from the middle Eocene (Lutetian) Ikovo locality in Ukraine. We conclude that at least two taxa were present: a moderate to large-sized Tomistominae indet. similar to the basalmost known tomistomines, and the small-sized basal alligatoroid cf. Diplocynodon sp. Despite its scarcity, this is the first basal alligatoroid material reported from Eastern Europe (as part of post-Soviet countries) and the easternmost record of diplocynodontines in Europe so far. An allegedly freshwater cf. Diplocynodon sp. contributes a rare faunal element to the vertebrate assemblage of the Ikovo locality, otherwise dominated by resident or facultative marine taxa. The fossil record and historical paleobiogeography of crocodyliforms from the Paleocene and Eocene of Europe are reviewed. As it has been already known, the middle Eocene fauna of crocodyliforms proves to be taxonomically diverse and complex. Its constituent lineages geographically originated in Asia or North America (Diplocynodontinae, Asiatosuchus-like crocodyloids, Planocraniidae), North America (derived alligatorines), Africa (Tomistominae), and Gondwana (ziphodont mesoeucrocodylians Iberosuchus and Bergisuchus), with possible subsequent speciation in Europe. We propose a novel hypothesis of Asian origins of European diplocynodontines, which will be explicitly tested in future studies. The revealed similarities between crocodylians and turtles from the Ikovo locality and those from Western Europe support the presence of a single Pan-European biogeographical zone during the middle Eocene, distinct from that of Asia. |
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| Keywords: | Tomistominae Lutetian Paleobiogeography Ikovo locality Eastern Europe |
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