Case study and application of process analytical technology (PAT) towards bioprocessing: use of on-line high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) for making real-time pooling decisions for process chromatography

Process analytical technology (PAT) has been gaining a lot of momentum in the biopharmaceutical community due to the potential for continuous real time quality assurance resulting in improved operational control and compliance. This paper presents a PAT application for one of the most commonly used unit operation in bioprocessing, namely liquid chromatography. Feasibility of using a commercially available online-high performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) system for real-time pooling of process chromatography column is examined. Further, experimental data from the feasibility studies are modeled and predictions of the model are compared to actual experimental data. It is found that indeed for the application under consideration, the online-HPLC offers a feasible approach for analysis that can facilitate real-time decisions for column pooling based on product quality attributes. It is shown that implementing this analytical scheme allows us to meet two of the key goals that have been outlined for PAT, that is, "variability is managed by the process" and "product quality attributes can be accurately and reliably predicted over the design space established for materials used, process parameters, manufacturing, environmental, and other conditions." Finally, the implications of implementing such a PAT application in a manufacturing environment are discussed. The application presented here can be extended to other modes of process chromatography and/or HPLC analysis.