空间诱变高粱突变体的研究

1996年经返回式卫星搭载处理的纯系高粱品种晋粮5号（CK）的种子经次年播种后，获得少量矮秆早熟突变体（SP3）。此后连续二年播种,该突变体矮秆早熟性状稳定。该突变体与未经搭载的对照相比，有如下不同之处：（1）成熟期缩短15 d左右，株高降低40 cm。（2）穗长增加3.9 cm ,每穗籽粒数比对照多400粒。（3）SP3平均千粒重为34 g，对照为27 g。（4）SP3叶片变窄，变短，增厚，叶面积减少了43%～22%。（5）SP3穗轴长度比对照增加30%，各节间长度比对照缩短了67%～15%。（6）SP3种子中亮氨酸含量比对照增加15%，可溶性糖含量比对照增加25%，单宁含量降低了30%。

Study on Sorghum Mutant Induced by Space Flight

Seeds of a pure breeding sorghum ‘Jinliang No.5’(CK) were treat ed by Chinese Reversal Man_made Satellite in 1996. A dwarf and earliness mutant (SP3) was obtained by selection from the returned seeds next year. The mutant has showed dwarf and earliness in subsequent 4 years. Comparing the SP3 with the control, there are many differences as follows: (1) The maturing period of the SP3 was 15 days earlier and the height of SP3 plant was 40 cm shorter than the control. (2) The SP3 ear length inceased 3.9 cm and the kernel number per ear inceased 400. (3) The average 1000_grain weight of SP3 is 34 g and the control was 27 g. (4) The leaves of SP3 are shorter, narrower and thicker. So their leaf area deceased 43%～22%. (5) The length of ear axis for mutant increased 36% and the length of internode reduced 67%～15%. (6)The content of leucine in SP3 seeds increased 15%, soluble sugar of mutant increased 25%,its tannin decreased 30%.