Monte Carlo transport of swift protons and light ions in water: The influence of excitation cross sections,relativistic effects,and Auger electron emission in w-values |
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| Institution: | 1. Grupo de Física Biomédica, Instituto de Física de Rosario (CONICET-UNR) and Facultad de Ciencias Exactas, Ingeniería y Agrimensura, Universidad Nacional de Rosario (UNR), C.P.2000 Rosario, Argentina;2. Université de Lyon, F-69622, Université de Lyon 1, CNRS/IN2P3, Institut de Physique des 2 Infinis de Lyon, Villeurbanne, France;3. Centre de Recherche sur les Ions, les Matériaux et la Photonique (UMR6252), CEA/CNRS/ENSICAEN/Université de Caen-Basse Normandie UCBN, CIMAP-CIRIL-Ganil, BP 5133, 14070, Cedex 05, Caen, France;1. Radiology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, United States;2. Modus Medical Devices Inc., London, ON, CA, Canada;3. Siemens Healthcare GmbH, Erlangen, DE, Germany;4. MR Clinical Science, Philips Healthcare, Best, NL, Netherlands;5. Radiology and Imaging, Hospital for Special Surgery, New York, NY, United States;1. Institute of Modern Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Lanzhou 730000, China;2. Key Laboratory of Heavy Ion Radiation Biology and Medicine of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Lanzhou 730000, China;3. Key Laboratory of Basic Research on Heavy Ion Radiation Application in Medicine, Gansu Province, Lanzhou 730000, China;4. University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China;1. Department of Medical Physics, Fakultät für Physik, Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität München (LMU Munich), Am Coulombwall 1, Garching bei München, Germany;2. Department of Physics, Northern Illinois University, 1425 W. Lincoln Highway, DeKalb, Illinois, United States;3. Northwestern Medicine Chicago Proton Center, 4455 Weaver Parkway, Warrenville, Illinois, United States;4. Department of Physics, U.C. Santa Cruz, 1156 High Street, Santa Cruz, California, United States;5. Division of Biomedical Engineering Sciences, Loma Linda University, 11175 Campus Street, Loma Linda, California, United States;6. Department of Radiation Oncology, University Hospital, LMU Munich, Marchioninistraße 15, Munich, Germany;7. German Cancer Consortium (DKTK), Marchioninistraße 15, Munich, Germany;1. Department of Medical Physics and Radiation Protection, Gurutzeta-Cruces University Hospital/Biocruces Health Research Institute, Barakaldo, Spain;2. Faculty of Engineering, Department of Applied Physics I, UPV/EHU, Bilbao, Spain;3. Department of Nuclear Medicine, Gurutzeta-Cruces University Hospital/Biocruces BizkaiaHealth Research Institute, Barakaldo, Spain;4. Department of General and Digestive Surgery, Basurto University Hospital, Bilbao, Spain;5. Department of General and Digestive Surgery, Division of Endocrine Surgery, Basurto University Hospital, Bilbao, Spain;6. Scientific Coordination Unit, Biocruces Bizkaia Health Research Institute, Gurutzeta-Cruces University Hospital, Barakaldo, Spain;1. Istituto Nazionale di Fisica Nucleare INFN, Laboratori Nazionali di Legnaro, Viale Dell’Università 2, Legnaro, Italy;2. Centre for Medical Radiation Physics, University of Wollongong, Wollongong, NSW, 2522, Australia;1. Institute of Radiation Medicine, Helmholtz Zentrum München - German Research Center for Environmental Health (GmbH), Ingolstädter Landstr. 1, 85764 Neuherberg, Germany;2. Centro de Ciências e Tecnologias Nucleares, Instituto Superior Técnico, Universidade de Lisboa, Estrada Nacional 10, 2695-066 Bobadela LRS, Portugal;3. Institut de Physique Nucléaire de Lyon, Université de Lyon, Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1, CNRS/IN2P3 UMR 5822, Villeurbanne, France;4. Department of Engineering Physics, Tsinghua University, Beijing, China;5. Normandie University, ENSICAEN, UNICAEN, CEA, CNRS, CIMAP, UMR 6252, BP 5133, F-14070 Caen Cedex 05, France;6. Karlsruhe Institute of Technology, Karlsruhe, Germany;7. Institut de Radioprotection et de Sûreté Nucléaire, Fontenay-Aux-Roses, France;8. Alferov Federal State Budgetary Institution of Higher Education and Science Saint Petersburg National Research Academic University of the Russian Academy of Sciences, St. Petersburg, Russia;9. TranslaTUM, Klinikum rechts der Isar, Technische Universität München, Munich, Germany;10. Nuctech Company Limited, Beijing, China;11. Physikalisch-Technische Bundesanstalt, Braunschweig, Germany;12. Massachusetts General Hospital & Harvard Medical School, Department of Radiation Oncology, Boston, MA, USA;13. Peking University Cancer Hospital, Beijing, China |
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| Abstract: | PurposeTo develop a particle transport code to compute w-values and stopping power of swift ions in liquid water and gases of interest for reference dosimetry in hadrontherapy. To analyze the relevance of inelastic and post-collisional processes considered.MethodsThe Monte Carlo code MDM was extended to the case of swift ion impact on liquid water (MDM-Ion). Relativistic corrections in the inelastic cross sections and the post-collisional Auger emission were considered. The effects of introducing different electronic excitation cross sections were also studied.ResultsThe stopping power of swift ions on liquid water, calculated with MDM-Ion, are in excellent agreement with recommended data. The w-values show a strong dependence on the electronic excitation cross sections and on the Auger electron emission. Comparisons with other Monte Carlo codes show the relevance of both the processes considered and of the cross sections employed. W and w-values for swift electron, proton, and carbon ions calculated with the MDM and MDM-Ion codes are in very close agreement with each other and with the 20.8 eV experimental value.ConclusionWe found that w-values in liquid water are independent of ion charge and energy, as assumed in reference dosimetry for hadrontherapy from sparse experimental results for electron and ion impact on gases. Excitation cross sections and Auger emission included in Monte Carlo codes are critical in w-values calculations. The computation of this physical parameter should be used as a benchmark for micro-dosimetry investigations, to assess the reliability of the cross sections employed. |
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| Keywords: | Ions Dosimetry Stopping power Auger emission |
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