Application of X-ray absorption and X-ray fluorescence techniques to the study of metallodrug action |
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| Affiliation: | 1. Department of Chemistry, The University of Adelaide, South Australia 5005, Australia,;2. The Peter Doherty Institute for Infection and Immunity, The University of Melbourne, Victoria 3000, Australia,;1. Laboratory for Synthetic and Structural Inorganic Chemistry - Bioinorganic and Metallodrugs, Department of Fundamental Chemistry, Institute of Chemistry, University of São Paulo, Av. Prof. Lineu Prestes, 748, B2T, 05508-000 São Paulo, SP, Brazil;2. Department of Exact and Technological Sciences, State University of Santa Cruz, Rod. Jorge Amado, Km 16, 45662-900 Ilhéus, BA, Brazil;3. Department of Cell and Developmental Biology, Institute of Biomedical Sciences, University of São Paulo, Av. Prof. Lineu Prestes, 1524, 05508-000 São Paulo, SP, Brazil |
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| Abstract: | X-ray absorption spectroscopy and X-ray fluorescence microscopy are two synchrotron-based techniques frequently deployed either individually or in tandem to investigate the fates of metallodrugs and their biotransformation products in physiologically relevant sample material. These X-ray methods confer advantages over other analytical techniques in that they are nondestructive and require minimal chemical or physical manipulation of the sample before analysis, conserving both chemical and spatial information of the element(s) under investigation. In this review, we present selected examples of the use of X-ray absorption spectroscopy and X-ray fluorescence microscopy in studies of metallodrug speciation and localisation in vivo, in cell spheroids and in intact tissues and organs, and offer recent highlights in the advances of these techniques as they pertain to research on metallodrug action. |
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| Keywords: | Metallodrugs Mechanism of action X-ray absorption spectroscopy X-ray fluorescence microscopy |
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